When did the British begin to take economic interest in India?
in the early 1600s
The __________ empire was collapsing as the British East India Company gained influence in India.
Mughal
What did the Britain turn its commercial interests in southern Asia to after the Mughal empire collapsed?
they turned it in political interests and gained control of India
Why did the Mughal empire grow week by 1700?
The kings spent too much money on palaces and war
What did the large population of Hindus in India begin to do that helped Britain gain control?
began to revolt against their muslim rulers
What did Great Britain do after they took advantages of India's weaknesses and conquered India?
they removed the last Mughal emperor from power in 1858
What did the British East India Company win in the 1600s?
trading rights on the fringe of the Mughal empire
What did the British do as the Mughal empire declined?
they gained control
The British East India Company controlled how much of India by the mid-1800s?
three-fifths
What actions did the British take to conquer India?
-Britain exploited India's diversity to gain control
-Britain took advantage of the many cultures that caused disunity in India by encouraging competition between rival princes
-Britain also used their superior weapons to overpower local rulers
India was a land of what?
great diversity
What did Britain exploited to gain control?
India's diversity
India was home to what?
many cultures and people
The many cultures/groups in India could not do what after the Mughal empire began to crumble?
they could not united to expel outsiders
How did Britain take advantage of India's disunity?
by encouraging competition between rival princes
What did Britain use to overpower local rulers?
their superior weapons
What was the main goal of the East India Company?
to make money
What changes did the British East India Company bring to India?
-improved roads (infrastructure)
-preserved peace
-reduced banditry (robbery,bandits)
-introduced Western Education
-introduced Western Legal Procedures
-Converted Indians to Christianity
-Worked to End Slavery
-Worked to End the Caste System
-Worked to I
What did the British East India improve?
roads and infrastructure
What did the British East India preserve?
peace
What did the British East India reduce?
banditry (robbery, bandits)
What two Western things did the British East India introduce?
Western Education and Western Legal Procedures
What did the British East India convert some Indians to?
Christianity
What two things did the British East India work to end?
slavery and the castes system
What did the British East India work to improve?
the Position of Women within the Family
What are sepoys?
Indian soldiers who served in an army set up by the French or English trading companies
What was one way the East India Company offended Hindus concerning travel?
required Sepoys to serve anywhere in India or overseas;overseas travel was against the religion of high-caste Hindus
What was one way the East India Company offended Hindus concerning marriage?
The East India company passed a law that allowed Hindu widows to remarry, and British officials banned sati
What is sati?
a custom in which a wife was expected to kill herself on her husband's funeral fire
How did Hindus view the law that banned sati?
as a Christian conspiracy to undermine their beliefs
What did the British due that caused the Sepoy Rebellion?
they issued new rifles
What did the troops have to do concerning the new rifles?
The troops had to bite off the tip of cartridges to load the rifles
What was the problem with the new rifles' cartridges that led to the Sepoy Rebellion?
The cartridges were greased with cow (sacred to Hindus) or pig fat (forbidden to Muslims)
What happened to troops that refused to load their rifles?
they were imprisoned
What did Angry Sepoys do concerning their British officers during the Sepoy Rebellion?
they rose up against their British Officers
Who did the Sepoys brutally massacre during the Sepoy Rebellion?
British men, women, and children
What did the British do to the Sepoy Rebellion?
they rallied and crushed the revolt
How did the British take revenge for the Sepoy Rebellion?
by torching villages and slaughtering thousands of unarmed Indians
What type of feelings did the Sepoy Rebellion leave on both sides?
a bitter legacy of fear, hatred, and mistrust
The Sepoy Rebellion ended the rule of what and put India directly under what?
it ended the rule of the East India Company ,and India was put directly under the rule of the British Crown
When India was put under the British Crown it started what?
the British Raj (1858-1947)
Parliament set up a system of colonial rule that was called what?
British Raj
A British viceroy in India ruled in whose name?
the queen's name
High officials were __________, but ___________ held lower posts.
British; Indians
India became what with local cooperation?
the crown jewel of the British Empire
What did Britain send in more of into India?
troops
How were the occupying troops that were sent to India paid for?
by taxing Indians
How did Britain view India?
as a market and as a source of raw materials
What did Britain encourage farmers to grow over subsistence crops(food)?
cash crops such as cotton and jute
How did Britain ruin India's once prosperous hand-weaving industry?
flooded India with inexpensive, machine-made textiles
How did British rule lead to famine?
because Britain turned farmland over to growing cash crops instead of food
Since India was unable to support its growing population so what did it lead to?
it led to famine in the late 1800s
Why was the population rapidly growing?
because of the better healthcare and increased food production that was brought on by British colonialism
What are four positive effects of British rule on India?
-Brought order and peace to the countryside
-revised the legal system to promote justice for all Indians
-Railroads helped Indians move around the country (3rd Largest Railroad system in the world)
-The telegraph and postal system improved communication
What did British rule bring to Indian countryside?
order and peace
What did British rule revise?
the legal system to promote justice for all Indians
What thing did the British make that helped Indians move around the country?
Railroads
India's railroads was what?
the 3rd Largest Railroad system in the world
What did the telegraph and postal system improve?
communication
Indians were _____________ in their attitude toward modernization and Britain.
divided
What did Upper-class and educated Indians do concerning more modern ways?
they adopted more modern ways
What did Hindu and Muslim religious leaders oppose?
British-style modernization
Ram Mohun Roy was what?
the Father of Modern India
What did Ram Mohun Roy try to combine?
the old and the new in the early 1800s
What did Ram Mohun Roy find?
the Hindu College in Calcutta
What did the the Hindu College provide?
an English-style eduction
What did Ram Mohun Roy see the value of?
European ideas and reform
What did Ram Mohun Roy want?
to preserve Indian culture
What traditional Indian practices did Roy advocate against?
1) Rigid caste distinctions
2) Child Marriage
3) Sati
4) Purdah-the isolation of women in separate quarters
Britain was _____________ in their attitudes toward Indian culture.
divided
What did Englishmen gain as they translated Indian classics?
respect for Indian literature and religious ideas
How did Paternalistic English leaders such as historian Thomas Macaulay view other cultural traditions?
with little respect for cultural traditions
Most British people knew how much about Indian achievements and what did they do concerning Indian culture?
Most knew little about Indian achievements and dismissed Indian culture with contempt
British people felt British culture was far what?
superior
What did British leaders provide to promising young Indians?
British education, thinking this would lead them to accept British culture and rule
What did educated Indians do when they returned home?
began nationalist movements
The Indian National Congress was organized by who?
Indian nationalist leaders
When was the Indian National Congressed formed?
1885
Why was the Indian National Congress formed?
to propose self-rule within the British Empire
What did the Indian National Congress believe in?
in peaceful protest
What did the Indian National Congress call for?
greater democracy
What did the Indian National Congress look forward to?
self-rule
What did the Indian National Congress also support?
Western-style modernization
Why did the Muslim League form?
because Muslims feared that Hindus might dominate any government and oppress Muslims
What did the Muslim League propose?
a separate nation for Muslims
Positive Effects of Colonial Rule:
1.Railroads enabled India to develop a __________ and connected ___________
2. A modern road network, telephone and telegraph lines, dams, bridges, and irrigation canals (infrastructure) were ________
3. Sanitation and p
-modern economy; regions
-created
-improved
-founded; increased
-bandits
-end
Negative Impact for India:
1. British held most of the ________ and __________ power
2. Profitable industries such as cotton, salt, construction, tea, etc. were firmly controlled by the _________
3. Conversation to cash crops reduced food production, caus
-political; economic
-British
-famines
-cultural; language