On a Skyline Knee, which condyle has more height than the other?
Lateral
On an AP Distal Femur, what should be in profile?
Medial and lateral epicondyles
On an AP Proximal Femur, the ischial spine is aligned with __.
Pevlic Brin
On an AP Proximal Femur, what should be open?
Obturator Foramen
On an AP Proximal Femur, what is seen in profile laterally?
Greater trochanter
On an AP Proximal Femur, how should the Lesser Trochanter appear?
Superimposed by Proximal Femur
On an AP Proximal Femur, The affected Obturator foramen is narrowed and the iliac spine is seen without pelvic brim superimposition.. How was this mispositioned?
Rotated towards Femur
On an AP Proximal Femur, the Femoral neck is foreshortened and lesser trochanter is in profile. How was this mispositioned?
Leg not internally rotated
On an AP Distal Femur, the medial femoral condyle appears larger than the lateral. How was this mispositioned?
Leg was externally rotated
On a Distal Lateral Femur, the knee should be in a lateral position with what should be aligned?
Medial and lateral condyles
On an AP Proximal Femur, The affected Obturator foramen is open and the iliac spine is seen without pelvic brim superimposition, but closer to acetabulum. How was this mispositioned?
Rotated away from Femur
On a Proximal Lateral Femur, the lesser trochanter is in profile __.
Medially
On a Tunnel Knee, __ of the Fibular head is superimposed by the proximal Tibia.
1/2
On a Tunnel Knee, what is in profile?
Intercondylar fossa
On a Tunnel Knee, the patellar apex is __ to the intercondylar fossa.
Proximal
On a Tunnel Knee, the fibula is __ distal to Tibial Plateau
1/2 inch
On a Sunrise Knee, the patellae are seen directly above intercondylar sulci and rotated laterally. The medial condyles are seem higher than lateral. How was this mispositioned?
Legs were externally rotated
On a Sunrise Knee, the soft tissue from the patients anterior thighs have been projected into patellae and patellofemoral joint spaces. How was this mispositioned?
Height of axial viewer was not set high enough to position the long axes of femurs parallel with imagin table
On a Sunrise Knee, the patellae are resting against the intercondylar sucli, obscuring the patellofemoral joint spaces. How was this miuspositioned?
Posterior knee curve was positioned at or below bend of axial viewer
On a Sunrise Knee, the tibial tuberosities are seen in the patellofemoral joint spaces. How was this mispositioned?
Posterior knee curve was positioned too far above the bend of axial viewer
On a Proximal Lateral Femur, femoral neck and head are superimposed by what?
Greater Trochanter
On a Proximal Lateral Femur, the greater trochanter should be on the same transverse level as what?
Femoral head
On a Proximal Lateral Femur, the greater trochanter is seen medially (next to ischial tuberosity) and lesser trochanter is obscured. How was this mispositioned?
Pelvis is overrated, medial condyle is anterior
On a Proximal Lateral Femur, the greater trochanter is seen laterally, and lesser trochanter is obscured. How was this mispositioned?
Pelvis under-rotated, medial condyle posterior
On a Distal Lateral Femur, the lateral and medial femoral condyles are seen without alignment. Medial condyle is posterior. How was this mispositioned?
Patella was too far from IR, leg internally rotated
On an AP Pelvis, the ischial spine should be aligned with what?
Pelvic Brim
On an AP Pelvis, the sacrum and coccyx are aligned with what?
Sym Pubis
On an AP Pelvis, the Femoral necks are see without foreshortening. The __ trochanter is in profile laterally and __ trochanter is superimposed by Femoral necks.
Greater ; Less
On an AP Pelvis, the Rt obturator foramen is narrowed, the Rt ischial spine is seen without pelvic brim superimpostioned and sacrum and coccyx are pointed towards left. How was this mispositioned?
The patient is rotated towards the Right
On an AP Pelvis, the femoral necks are foreshortened and the lesser trochanters are in profile medially. How was this mispositioned?
Legs were externally rotated
On an AP Hip, the ischial spine should be aligned with what? Sacrum & Coccyx aligned with what?
Pelvic Brim, Sym Pubis
On an AP Hip, the sacrum and coccyx are pointing away from affected him. How was this mispositioned?
Patient rotated towards affected hip
On a Lateral Hip, the __ is in profile medially.
Lesser trochanter
On a Lateral Hip, the __ trochanter is superimposed over the Femoral Neck.
Greater Trochanter
If the Sacrum and Coccyx are towards the right, what way is the patient rotated?
Towards the left
If the sacrum and coccyx are towards the left, what way is the patient rotated?
Towards the right
How to find centering for AP Hip?
Line from ASIS to pubis, 90* inferiolateral 1 1/2 inches to locate hip joint
On a Lateral Hip, __* abduction.
45
On a Lateral Hip, over abduction puts the greater trochanter in the __ __.
Femoral head
On a Lateral Hip, under flexion of knee puts the greater trochanter too __ and in the __ __
Laterally, Femoral Head
On a Lateral Hip, the GT is positioned medially and LT is obscured. How was this mispositioned?
Knee was over flexed
On a Lateral Hip, GT is seen lateral. How was this mispositioned?
Knee not flexed enough
On an Axiolateral Hip, __ trochanter is seen posterior.
Lesser
On an Axiolateral Hip, __ trochanter is superimposed by Femoral shaft.
Greater
On an Axiolateral Hip, the soft tissue from unaffected leg is superimposed over acetabulum and Femoral head of affected hip. How was this mispositioned?
Unaffected leg was not high enough
On an Axiolateral Hip, the greater trochanter is seen at a transverse level that is proximal to lesser trochanter, and femoral neck is foreshortened. How was this mispositioned?
CR angle to the Femur was too much
On an Axiolateral Hip, the GT is seen posteriorly and LT is superimposed over femoral shaft. How was this mispositioned?
Leg was externally rotated
On an Axiolateral Hip, the cassette should be __* to ASIS - pubis line with top of IR at __
90, Crest
On an Axiolateral Hip, what is the correct rotation of the leg for the GT in correct position?
Internal rotation
On an Axiolateral Hip, __ rotation places GT too posterior.
external
On an Axiolateral Hip, if there is too much angle, the obturator foramen is ___.
Very low
On an Axiolateral Hip, the __ trochanter is in profile inferiorly.
Lesser
On an Axiolateral Hip, the __ trochanter is in profile superiorly.
Greater
On an Axiolateral Hip,, what should ALWAYS be used?
Cone/collimation
On an Axiolateral Hip, a extreme __ angle will foreshorten the Femoral neck.
Cephalic
On an Axiolateral Hip, what can be used when the patient cannot abduct unaffected leg?
Extreme cephalic angle
On an Axiolateral Hip, if you __ the angle the femoral neck will be foreshortened.
Decrease
On an AP Axial Toe, what two things should be equal on both sides of the phalanges?
Soft tissue width and concavity
On an AP Axial Toe, what 2 joints should be open?
IP & MTP
On an AP Axial Toe, what should be at the center?
MTP
On an AP Axial Toe, the phalanges show more soft tissue width on the medial side of the toe rather than the lateral. How is this positioned?
The toe is externally obliqued
On an AP Axial Toe, the phalanges show more soft tissue width on the lateral side of the toe rather than the medial. How is this positioned?
The toe is internally obliqued.
On an AP Axial Toe, the IP & MTP joints are not open. How is this positioned?
Toe is flexed.
On an Oblique Toe, there should be twice as much soft tissue width and more phalangeal concavity are seen on the side of the digit rotated _____.
Away from the IR
On an Oblique Toe, what two joints should be open?
MTP & IP
On an Oblique Toe, what joint should be centered?
MTP
On an Oblique Toe, the soft tissue is equal on both sides of the phalanges and the concavity is equal. How is this positioned?
Closer to an AP
On an Oblique Toe, the proximal phalanx shows more concavity on the posterior aspect than the anterior. How is this positioned?
Closer to a Lateral
On an Oblique Toe, the MTP and IP joints are closed. How is this positioned?
Toes were flexed
On a Lateral Toe, which side of the proximal phalanx will show more concavity than the other?
Posterior
On a Lateral Toe, __ of the phalanx are superimposed.
Condyles
On a Lateral Toe, which joint is at center?
PIP
On an AP Axial Foot, joint space between the __ and __ cuneiform are open.
Medial and Intermediate
On an AP Axial Foot, how much of the talus should be superimposing the calcaneus?
1/3
On an AP Axial Foot, the __ and __ joints are also open.
Tarsometatarsal (TMT) & Navicular-cuneiform
On an AP Axial Foot, what is at the center?
3rd MT base
On an AP Axial Foot, the joint between the medial and intermediate cuneiform is closed and more than 1/2 of the Talus is superimposing the Calcaneus. How is this positioned?
The foot is externally rotated
On an AP Axial Foot, the joint between the medial and intermediate cuneiform is closed, calcaneus is seen without superimposition, and the MT bases are seen with decreased superimposition. How is this positioned?
The foot is internally rotated.
On an AP Axial Foot, the TMT & Navicular-Cuneiform joints are not open. How is this positioned?
Not enough CR angle.
On an AP Axial Foot, how much angle will open up the TMT and the Navicular-Cuboid joints?
10-15 Cephlaic
On an Oblique Foot, what joints should be open?
Cuboid-Cuneiform and the 2nd-5th intermetatarsal joints
On an Oblique Foot, the __ __ and __ MT tuberosity should be seen.
Tarsi sinus and 5th MT
On an Oblique Foot, what should be at the center?
3rd MT
On an Oblique Foot, how much obliquity is used for a high arched foot?
45*
On an Oblique Foot, how much obliquity is used for a low arched foot?
30*
On an Oblique Foot, the lateral cuneiform-cuboid, navicular-cuboid, and 3rd-5th intermetatarsal joints are closed. The 4th MT tuberosity is seen without 5th MT superimposition. How is this mispositioned?
The foot is under-rotated
On an Oblique Foot, the lateral cuneiform-cuboid, navicular-cuboid, and intermetatarsal joints are closed. The 5th MT is superimposed over the 4th MT. How is this mispositioned?
The foot is over-rotated.
On a Lateral Foot, the __ patellar and __ pericapsular fat pads should be seen?
Anterior, Posterior
On a Lateral Foot, the talar domes should be ___.
Superimposed
On a Lateral Foot, what joint should be opened?
Tibiotalar
On a Lateral Foot, the distal Fibula should be superimposed by the posterior __ of the distal Tibia.
1/2
On a Lateral Foot, the foot is at a __* with the lower leg.
90
On a Lateral Foot, what is at the center?
Distal tarsals
On a Lateral projection, one talar dome is seen superior to the other. Also, the Navicular is superimposed over the cuboid. How is this mispositioned?
The proximal lower leg was elevated higher than the distal lower leg (or the knee was elevated)
On a Lateral projection, one talar dome is seen superior to the other. More than 1/2" of the Cuboid is posterior to the Navicular. How is this mispositioned?
The distal lower leg was elevated higher than the proximal lower leg (or the knee was depressed)
On a Lateral projection, one talar dome is anterior to the other. The Fibula is posterior to the Tibia. How was this mispositioned?
The heel was elevated, and the forefoot was depressed.
On a Lateral projection, one talar dome is anterior to the other. The Fibula is anterior to the Tibia. How was this mispositioned?
The heel was depressed and the forefoot was elevated.
On an Axial Calcaneus, what joint should be open?
Talocalcaneal
On an Axial Calcaneus, what should be seen without any distortion?
Calcaneal tuberosity
On an Axial Calcaneus, __-__ distal MT should not be seen on medial or lateral aspect of the foot.
2-4
On an Axial Calcaneus, what is at the center?
Calcaneal tuberosity
On an Axial Calcaneus, if the foot is dorsiflexed to 90*, what angle should be used?
40*
On an Axial Calcaneus, if the foot is less than 90* dorsiflexed, how should you adjust the angle?
Decrease it
On an Axial Calcaneus, check rotation with what MT?
1, 4, 5
On an Axial Calcaneus, is the 1st MT is seen medially how is this mispositioned?
Foot internally rotated
On an Axial Calcaneus, if the 5th MT is seen laterally, how is this mispositioned?
Foot externally rotated
On an Axial Calcaneus, the Talocalceneal joint is not seen, and the Calcaneal tuberosity is foreshortened. How is this mispositioned?
Foot is not flexed enough
On a Lateral Calcaneus, what joint should be open?
Tibiotalar joint
On an AP Ankle, which mortise should be open?
Medial
On an AP Ankle, the tibia should superimpose how much of the distal Fibula?
Half
On an AP Ankle, what joint should be opened and centered?
Tibiotalar
On an AP Ankle, which malleloi is further from the IR?
Medial
On an AP Ankle, the medial mortise is obscured. The tibia and talus has increased superimposition of the Fibula. How is this mispositioned?
The ankle is laterally rotated.
On an AP Ankle, the tibiotalar joint is closed and the anterior tibial margin is projected into the joint. How is this mispositioned?
Proximal tibia elevated
On a Mortise Oblique Ankle, how many degrees is the ankle obliqued?
15-20
On a Mortise Oblique Ankle, the distal Fibula is not superimposed by the __.
Talus
On a Mortise Oblique Ankle, the __ mortise is open.
Lateral
On a Mortise Oblique Ankle, the Tibia should be superimposing __" of the FIbula
1/4
On a 45* Oblique Ankle, the Fibula is not superimposed by the __.
Tibia
On an Oblique Ankle, the Calcaneus is distal to the ___ mortise and Fibula.
Lateral
On a Mortise Oblique Ankle, the medial and lateral mortise are closed and the tarsal sinus is seen. How is this mispositioned?
Over-rotated
On a Mortise Oblique Ankle, the tibiotalar joint is expanded and anterior tibial margin is projected superior to posterior margin. How is this mispositioned?
Distal Tibia elevated
On a 45* Oblique Ankle, __ __ is seen.
Tarsi Sinus
On a 45* Oblique Ankle, the lateral and medial mortise are closed and the Fibula can be seen without any lateral superimposition. How is this mispositioned?
Over-rotated
On a 45* Oblique Ankle, the Calcaneus is obscuring distal lateral mortise and distal Fibula. How is this mispositioned?
Plantar Flexion
On a Lateral Ankle, what should be superimposed?
Talar domes
On a Lateral Ankle, what joint should be open?
Tibiotalar
On a Lateral Ankle, the distal Fibula should be superimposed by posterior __ of distal Tibia.
Half
On a Lateral Ankle, the tibiotalar joint is obscured. One dome is proximal to the other, and more than 1/2 of Cuboid is posterior to the Navicular. How is this mispositioned?
Distal Lower leg was elevated
On a Lateral Ankle, the Tibiotalar joint is obscured. One talar dome is anterior to the other and the Fibula is seen too anterior on the Tibia. How is this mispositioned?
Heel depressed and forefoot elevated
On AP Tib-Fib, Tibia should superimpose how much of Fibular head?
1/4
On AP Tib-Fib, what should be free of superimposition?
Fibular midshaft
On AP Tib-Fib, what joints are open?
Knee and Tibiotalar
On AP Tib-Fib, the medial mortise is closed and tibia and talus show excessive superimposition. How was this mispositioned?
Leg externally rotated
On AP Tib-Fib, the distal fibula is free of talar superimposition and proximal Fibula is free is tibial superimposition. How was this mispositioned?
Leg internally rotated
On Lateral Tib-Fib, Tibia superimposes how much of Fibular head?
1/2
On Lateral Tib-Fib, what should be aligned?
Posterior distal Tibia and Fibula
On Lateral Tib-Fib, the Distal fibula is too anterior on the Tibia, the lateral dome is anterior. How is this mispositioned?
Leg is rotated posterior
On an AP Knee, what should be in profile?
Medial and Lateral femoral epicondyles
On an AP Knee, how should the femoral condyles appear?
Symmetrical
On an AP Knee, what should be centered within the intercondylar fossa?
Intercondylar eminence
On an AP Knee, tibia superimposes over __ of the Fibular head.
1/2
On an AP Knee, the Fibular head should be __ distal to tibial plateu.
1/2'
On an AP Knee, the Patella lies __ to patellar surface of Femur, and slightly __ to knee midline.
Proximal, Lateral
On an AP Knee, how is the CR angle determined?
By ASIS to table top distance
On an AP Knee, how much should to angle if the knee is 18cm or less?
5* caudal or 0
On an AP Knee, how much should you angle if the knee if 19-24 cm?
0 or 5* cephalic
On an AP Knee, how much should you angle if the knee if 25+ cm?
5
cephalic or 10
On an AP Knee, if the angle is too caudal how does it appear?
Fibula is less than 1 cm from tibial platuea
On an AP Knee, if the angle is too cephalic, how does it appear?
Fibula is more than 1 cm from tibia Platuae.
On an AP Knee, what is it called if the lateral joint is closed?
Valgus deformity
On an AP Knee, , what is it called if the medial joint is closed?
Vargus deformity
On an AP Knee, the medial Femoral condyle is larger, and the head neck and shaft of Fibula is superimposed. How is this mispositioned?
Leg externally rotated
On an AP Knee, the Lateral condyle is larger, and Tibia shows little or no superimposition over Fibula. How is this mispositioned?
Leg internally rotated
On an AP Knee, the Fibular head is foreshortened and more than 1/2" distal to Tibial Plateau. How is this mispositioned?
CR is too cephalic
On an AP Knee, the Fibular head is enlongated and less than 1/2" distal to Tibial Plateau. How is this mispositioned?
CR too caudal
On an Medial Oblique Knee, what should NOT be superimposed?
Fibular head and Tibia
On an Medial Oblique Knee, which condyle is in profile?
Lateral
On an External Oblique Knee, what should be aligned?
Fibular head with anterior Tibia
On an External Oblique Knee, which condyle is in profile?
Medial
On an External Oblique Knee, the Lateral Femoral Condyle is superimposed by the medial, and the Fibula is at the center of the Tibia. How was this mispositioned?
Externally rotated too much
On an Medial Oblique Knee, the Tibia is partially superimposed by the Fibular head. How was this mispositioned?
Not rotated internally enough
On an External Oblique Knee, the Fibula is not completely superimposed. How was this mispositioned?
Not externally rotated enough
On a Lateral Knee, where is the adductor tubercle located?
On the Medial condyle
On a Lateral Knee, which condyle is more magnified?
Medial
On a Lateral Knee, the patella is __ to patellar surface of the Femur.
Proximal
On a Lateral Knee, what joint is opened?
Patellofemoral
On a Lateral Knee, the medial and lateral __ are superimposed.
Femoral condyles
On a Lateral Knee, the Tibia superimposed __ of Fibular head.
1/2
On a Lateral Knee, the patella is in contact with the patellar surface of Femur and fat bad is not seen. How was this mispositioned?
Knee flexed too much
On a Lateral Knee, the distal articulating surfaces of the femoral condyles are seen without superimposition. The condyle with adductor tubercle is seen distal. How was this mispositioned?
CR is too caudal
On a Lateral Knee, the distal articulating surfaces of the femoral condyles are seen without superimposition. The condyle without adductor tubercle is seen distal. How was this mispositioned?
CR too cephalic
On a Lateral Knee, if the medial condyle is superior how is this mispositioned?
CR is too cephalic
On a Lateral Knee, if the medial condyle is inferior how is this mispositioned?
CR too caudal
On a Lateral Knee, if the Medial condyle is posterior how was this mispositioned?
Patella is too far from the IR and the knee is internally rotated.
On a Lateral Knee, if the Medial Condyle is posterior how was this mispositioned?
Patella too close to IR, leg was externally rotated.
On a Tunnel Knee, the CR should perpendicular to what?
Tibia
On a Tunnel Knee, overflexing the leg does what?
Puts the patella in the Intercondylar fossa
On a Tunnel Knee, underflexing the leg does what?
Puts the patella further from the intercondylar fossa
On a Tunnel Knee, the medial and lateral aspects for intercondylar fossa are seen without superimposition and Patella is situated laterally. How was this mispositioned?
Femur was too vertical and heel rotated medially
On a Tunnel Knee, the medial and lateral aspects for intercondylar fossa are seen without superimposition and patella is medial with the tibia not superimposing fibular head. How was this mispositioned?
Heel rotated laterally
On a Tunnel Knee, the proximal surfaces of intercondylar fossa are seen without superimposition, and patella is seen within fossa. How was this mispositioned?
Leg over flexed
On a Tunnel Knee, the proximal surfaces of the intercondylar fossa are seen without superimposition and patella is too far proximal to fossa. How was this mispositioned?
Leg under flexed
On a Tunnel Knee, the femorotibial joint is obscured and tibial plateau is seen. How was this mispositioned?
Foot in plantar flexion
On a Skyline Knee, if there is not enough up angle how does it appear?
Femur in patellofemoral joint
On a Skyline Knee, if there it too much up angle, how does it appear?
Tibial Tuberosity in patellofemoral joint space