Hydro 2 - Cryotherapy

use of cold as a treatment is called ___________

cryotherapy

during cold treatment, the clinical term is called ________

Retrostasis

during cold treatment, when referring to the action on the blood vessels is called __________, which causes a removal of blood & wastes

vasoconstriction

brief applications of cold are between ___ to ___ min's

1 to 10 min's

brief applications of cold are used to achieve __________ effects

reflex

brief applications of cold are __________

Stimulating

brief applications of cold are used to _________ resp, heart, BP and muscle tone

Increase

brief applications of cold cause a __________ in metabolic activity

Decrease

brief applications of cold cause __________ in leukocyte migration through capillary walls (pain)

Decrease

prolonged applications of cold are __________

Sedating

prolonged applications of cold __________ metabolic activity, breathing rate, heart rate, BP, nerve firing, pain, muscle spindle & muscle spasm

Decrease

prolonged applications of cold __________ joint stiffness

Increase

prolonged applications of cold __________ pliability in connective tissue & scar tissue

Decrease

during vasoconstriction, ___________ ___________ vasodilate and redirect blood flow from the surface to the core

shunt valves

What are examples of the bodies heat conservation reflex;

-shivering
-goose bumps/ piloerector response
-decreased breathing

Cyclic periods of vasodilation and vasoconstriction to help resist cold-induced damage is called the __________ __________

hunting response

the
hunting response
is achieved when tissue temp is reduced for ___ to ___ min or longer OR when tissue is brought below ___ C

12, 15
10C

the hunting response is achieved when tissue temp is brought below ___ C

10

vasoconstriction is an example of __________ derivation

passive

the hunting response is an example of __________ derivation

active

the hunting response will only happen if the subject has a _________ internal temperature

warm

nonspecific reaction to tissue damage regardless of the type of damage stimulus is referred to as __________

inflammation

inflammation functions to __________ of foreign bodies and __________ from spreading beyond the site

dispose
prevent

inflammation __________ the injured tissue for __________

prepares
repair

inflammation causes __________

pain

Cardinal signs of inflammation uses the acronym __________

SHARP

SHARP is:

Swelling
Heat
Altered function
Redness
Pain

the 3 stages of inflammation are __________, __________ & __________

acute
subacute
chronic

all five cardinal signs of inflammation are present (SHARP)

Acute stage

regeneration stage, healing and wound repair are initiated. diminishing signs of inflammation, any bruising starts to change colour and resolve. ROM begins to increase but pain is experienced when tissue resistance is encountered. tissue remains fragile

Sub-Acute

scar tissue and healing stage.
few visible signs of inflammation at the site, some cool edema and point tenderness. with scar tissue more pronounced at the injured site.
reduced ROM can persist b/c of local adhesions and /or muscle guarding.
prolonged sym

Chronic

acute inflammation is experienced during the first ___ to ___ hours

24, 48

subacute inflammation is experienced after ___ hours

72

chronic inflammation indicates that tissue has _____ healed or has been __________

not
re-injured

chronic inflammation is experienced after ___ to ___ weeks and can continue for up to ___ to ___ years (or longer). Prolonged symptoms indicate that tissue has not healed or re-injured

1,2
1,2

General rule for for inflamation stages & treatment

Cold for Acute
Contrast for Sub-Acute
Heat for Chronic

a build-up of lymph fluid is called __________

edema

signs of edema included __________, __________ & __________

puffiness
heat
stiffness

Inflammation vs. Edema

with inflammation you have edema, but edema on it's own is not considered inflammation

a common acronym for acute injury therapy is __________

RICE

RICE is:

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

Factors that influence cold's effects

1. Temp of application
2. Temp of individual
3. Duration of application
4. Size of treatment area
5. Adipose tissue

during a cryotherapy ice massage, a person will experience the acronym __________

C-BAN

C-BAN is:

Cold (Intense)
Burning
Aching
Numbness (Analgesia)

an ice massage should be applied at a rate of ___ Inches per second

4

larger areas should be divided into smaller areas of no more than ___ Inches in diameter

6

do not ice massage over a __________ prominence

bony

Indications for cold

management of inflammation, especially acute (0-48hrs)
pain relief, analgesic effect
fever
headaches
muscular pain
acute strains/sprains
acute tendonitis
acute soft tissue trauma

CI's for cold

unwilling client
analgesic drugs
severe varicose veins
decreased sensory awareness
sensory impairment
cold hypersensitivity
gangrene
superficial pins, wires, rods

Informed consent

it is incredibly important that a client is qualified for a particular treatment. once qualified and treatment goals are decided upon, the specific treatment must be explained. Both the benefits and risks must be communicated to the client. The client mus