Sickle Scaler
A periodontal instrument used to remove calculus deposits from the crowns of the teeth
*NOT TO BE USED ON ROOT SURFACES
Purpose and Use of Sickle Scaler
*Removal of large sized deposits above the gingival margin
*Medium to large sized deposits just slightly belowte gingival margin
*Fine calclus from under contact points
Working-End Design of a Sickle Scaler
1)Pointed back
2)Pointed tip
3)Triangular cross section
4)Two cutting edges
5)Face is perpendicular
Anterior Sickle Scalers
Limited to the use on anterior treatment sextants
*Are often single-ended instruments b/c only one working-end is needed to instrument the crowns of anterior teeth
*It is common to combine two different anterior sickles on a double-ended instrument
Posterior Sickle Scalers
Designed for use on posterior sextants, but may also be used on anterior teeth
*Usually two posterior sickles are paired on a double -ended instrument (the working-ends are mirror images of one another)
Ex: The Jacquette 34 is paired w/ the Jacquette 35 (
Examples of Sickle Scaler Instruments
*Anterior sickle scalers---OD-1, Jacquette 30, Jacquette 33, Nevi 1, Whiteside-2, USC-128, Towner-U15, Goldman-H6, and Goldman-H7
*Posterior sickle scalers---Jacquette 34/35, Jacquette 14/15, Jacquette 31/32, Nevi 2, Ball 2/3, Mecca 11/12, and the Cataton
Calculus Removal stroke with a Sickle Scaler
- Apply pressure w/ index & thumb, stable fulcrum against tooth
- Tip-third of cutting edge is adapted
- 70-80 degree angulation, the lower shank must be tilted toward the tooth surface to achieve correct angulation
- Moderate to firm pressure against the
Steps for Calculus removal w/ Hand-activated Instruments (Sickle scaler/Universal curet)
1. Me
2. My Patient
3. My equipment
4. My non-dominant hand
5. My dominant hand
6. My finger rest
7. My adaptation - adapt leading-third
8. My angulation - 70-80 degrees
9. My stabilization - strong fulcrum
10. My activation - Short strokes away from JE
1
Inner cutting edge (sickle scaler)
Cutting edge that is closer to the instrument handle, used to instrument on distal surfaces
Outer cutting edge (sickle scaler)
Cutting edge is farther from the instrument handle, used to instrument the facial, lingual, and mesial surfaces
Cross section
Triangular cross section; this design limits use to above the gingival margin because the pointed tip and back could cause tissue trauma
Working-End
Pointed back and tip
Two cutting edges per working-end
Face
Face is perpendicular to the lower shank so that cutting edges are level w/ one another; level cutting edges mean that the lower shank must be tilted slightly toward the tooth surface to establish correct angulation
Application
ANTERIOR TEETH- only one single-ended instrument is needed
POSTERIOR TEETH - one double ended instrument is needed
Primary functions
Removal of medium- to large- sized calculus deposit.
Excellent for calculus on the
1. proximal surfaces of anterior crowns and
2. enamel surfaces apical to the contact areas of posterior teeth
Universal Curet
A periodontal instrument used to remove small-and medium-size calculus deposits from the crowns and roots of the teeth
Universal Curets can be used supragingivally and subgingivally -
on crown and root surfaces
A universal curet is usually
A double-ended instrument w/ paired, mirror-image working-ends
Design Characteristics of Universal instruments
-paired, mirror image working ends
-two cutting edges - both used
-terminal shank is perpendicular to face of blade - 90 degree angle
-can be used on all surfaces of teeth in all areas of mouth
Unique Design Characteristics ...
-rounded back
-rounded toe
-two cutting edges per working-end
-semicircular in cross section
Is a sickle scaler used subgingivally or supragingivally?
Supragingivally
On what surfaces should sickle scalers not be used on?
Root Surfaces
What kind of back does the sickle scaler have?
Pointed; newer has rounded
In cross section, how does the sickle scaler appear?
Triangular
How many cutting edges does the sickle scaler have per end?
Two
Is the face perpendicular or parallel to the lower shank?
Perpendicular
How many working ends are needed to instrument anterior teeth?
One
Can posterior sickle scalers be used on anterior teeth?
Yes
The working ends are _____ of each other on a posterior sickle scaler
Mirror Images
Why wouldn't we want to use the sickle subgingivally?
Pointed tip and back could cause tissue trauma
On a sickle, are the cutting edges level with one another?
Yes
Since the cutting edges are level on a sickle scaler, what do you have to do to establish correct angulation?
Lower shank must be tilted toward the tooth surface
What size of calculus deposits is the sickle scaler used for?
Medium to large sized calculus deposits
The sickle scalers are excellent for removal on what two surfaces?
1) proximal surfaces of anterior crowns
2) enamel surfaces apical to the contact areas of posterior teeth
Does the nevi 4 have a flexible or rigid working-end and shank?
Rigid
Which nevi is excellent to use on pediatric patients?
Nevi 3
What surfaces is the nevi 1 disk end used for?
Supragingival use on the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth
Does the Nevi 1 have a flexible or rigid shank?
Rigid
What part of the cutting edge is adapted to the tooth for the sickle scalers?
Tip-third
What angulation is used for sickle scalers?
70-80
What kind of lateral pressure is used for calculus removal when instrumenting with a sickle scaler?
Moderate to firm
When using a sickle, vertical strokes are most commonly used where?
Anterior teeth and mesial and distal surfaces of posterior teeth
When using a sickle, where are oblique strokes most commonly used?
Facial and lingual surfaces of posterior teeth
When instrumenting with a sickle, where are horizontal strokes used?
Line angles of posterior teeth and the midlines of the facial or lingual surfaces of anterior teeth
What is the stroke number for sickle scalers?
Strokes should be limited to areas where calculus is present; use the minimum number or strokes needed to remove calculus deposits
Correct technique for the sickle involves placing the cutting edge against the proximal surface with the working-end positioned where?
Btn the tooth and the papillary gingiva
The sickle's correct working-end is selected when the lower shank is perpendicular or parallel to the distal surface?
Parallel
The functional shank is up and over the tooth or down and around?
Up and over
The inner cutting edge of the sickle scaler is used to instrument what surfaces?
Distal surfaces
The outer cutting edge is used to instrument what surfaces?
Facial, lingual, and mesial surfaces
Which cutting edge is farther from the instrument handle?
Outer cutting edge
Which cutting edge is closer to the instrument handle?
Inner cutting edge
How many total cutting edges does a posterior sickle scaler have?
4 = (2 per each working-end)
What is the angle of the face of the working end of a sickle scaler?
90 degrees
Where should the lower shank be for the posterior sickle scaler?
Parallel to the distal surface.
The face is ___________ to the lower shank
Perpendicular
Design characteristics of universal curet of Barnhardt 1-2
-used for removal of light to moderate subgingival calculus
-curved with flexible shank
-adapts to all areas of mouth
How many cutting edges does a universal Curet have?
2-cutting eges, continuous around the toe
What is unique about the cutting edge on area specific curets?
One edge is more curved
Only one cutting edge on area specific curets
Describe the face and base of Curets?
The face is flat, the base is rounded
The cross section of a curet is what?
Semi-circular
The back and toe of a curet are what?
Rounded
Curets can be?
Paired, mirrored or doubled with a sickle
Where can a Curet scale?
Supra and subgingivally
Why can a Curet go subgingivally?
Because its back is rounded, and the cutting edge is contionously round
Two purposes of a curet:
Scaling (calculus removal) and Root Planing
What is the purpose of root planing?
Designed to remove cementum or surface dentin that is rough, contains calculus, or contaminated with microorganisms
What degree of calculus do curets remove?
Light to moderate
Light= Universal curet
Moderate= Gracey curet
What is root debridement?
Instrumentation stroke used to remove Residual calculus deposits, bacterial plaue, and by-products from root surfaces
Two types of universal curets?
Barnhart 5/6
SN137
Columbia(SC) 13/14
Barnhart 5/6 is used on which teeth? Columbia 13/14?
Both used on posterior
SN137 is used on what type of teeth?
Anterior
What kind of Gracey is used on mesials of teeth?
Gracey 11/12, Gracey 15/16
What kind of Gracey is used on posterior surfaces?
Gracey 13/14, Gracey 17/18
What kind of Gracey is used on mesials and distals of anterior teeth?
Gracey 1/2
On area specific curets, what is the relationship of the face to the lower shank?
Face is at a 70* angle to the lower shank, with one cutting edge lower than the other in relationship to the lower shank
The lower cutting edge of a Gracey curet is ___, meaning the cutting edge is automatically at the correct angle when what?
Self-angulated, correct angle when the lower shank is parallel to the tooth surface being cleaned
Each instrument curet is limited to?
Use on certain teeth and certain surfaces
The cutting edges of curets are ___, to enhance ______
each cutting edge is rounded, to enhance adaptation to rounded root surfaces and root concavities
Difference of face to lowershank between sickle scaler, universal curet, area-specific curet
Sickle scaler = 90*
Universal curet = 90*
Area specific= 70*
The lower cutting edge tilts ____ from the lower shank
Tilts away from the lower shank
(the other cutting edge is too close to the lower shank to be used)
How to identify proper cutting edge on area specific curets:
1. Look directly at the toe(facing you)
2. Put lower shank perpendicular to the floor
3. lower cutting edge = working cutting edge
When you insert the Curet, the face should be what?
Flat to tooth during insertion into sulcus (face closed)
Ideal angulation for Curet?
45-90* angulation
but 70-80* is ideal
When to use large vs. smaller curets
large= heavy calculus
small= fine calculus and root planing
What kind of curet would you use for root planing?
Small
What type of stroke is used for Curets?
Pull stroke (vertical and oblique)
Why is the curet the instrument of choice for subgingival sclaing and root debridement?
Adapts well to cervical areas and root anatomy
Shank for anterior vs. posterior curets?
Anterior= straight
Posterior = angled
When the working end is placed against the ____surface and tilts towards it, you have the right end
When it is placed against facial of tooth
Stroke for curets
Short, precise strokes across tooth
roll handle slightly to maintaing adaptation of the toe-third to tooth
Visual Cue: Correct working end is selected when lower shank is ____ to the distal surface, and functional shank goes ______
Parallel, up and over the tooth
Strokes should be ____ on posterior scaling, and _____ across mesial surface
Strokes should be vertical on posterior, and obliue across mesial
The toe-third of a curet is also known as?
Leading-third