What are the Normal Physiological Effects of TH on Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)/ Temp. Regulation?
Promotes normal oxygen use and BMR; calorigenesis; enhances effects of sympathetic nervous system
What are the effects of Hyposecretion of TH on BMR/Temp Regulation?
BMR below normal; Dec. body temp., cold intolerance; dec. appetite; weight gain; reduces sensitivity to catecholamines
What are the effects of Hypersecretion of TH on BMR/ Temp Regulation?
BMR above normal; Inc. body temp., heat intolerance; inc. appetite; weight loss
What are the Normal Physiological Effects of TH on Carbohydrate/lipid/ protein metabolism?
Promotes glucose catabolism; mobilizes fats; essential for protein synthesis; enhances liver's synthesis of cholesterol
What are the effects of Hyposecretion of TH on Carbohydrate/lipid/ protein metabolism?
Dec. glucose metabolism; elevated cholesterol/triglyceride levels in blood; dec. protein synthesis; edema
What are the effects of Hypersecretion of TH on Carbohydrate/lipid/ protein metabolism?
Enhanced catabolism of glucose, proteins, and fats; weight loss; loss of muscle mass
What are the Normal Physiological Effects of TH on the NS?
Promotes normal development of NS in fetus and infancy; promotes normal adult NS function
What are the effects of Hyposecretion of TH on the NS?
In infant, slowed/deficient brain dev., retardation; in adult, mental dulling, depression, paresthesias, memory impairment, hypoactive reflexes
What are the effects of Hypersecretion of TH on the NS?
Irritability, restlessness, insomnia, personality changes, exophthalmos (in Graves' Disease)
What are the Normal Physiological Effects of TH on the Cardiovascular System?
Promotes normal function of the heart
What are the effects of Hyposecretion of TH on the Cardiovascular System?
Dec. efficiency of heart's pumping action; low heart rate and BP
What are the effects of Hypersecretion of TH on the Cardiovascular System?
Inc. sensitivity to catecholamines leads to rapid heart rate and possible palpitations; high BP; if prolonged, heart failure
What are the Normal Physiological Effects of TH on the Muscular System?
Promotes normal muscular development and function
What are the effects of Hyposecretion of TH on the Muscular System?
Sluggish muscle action; muscle cramps, myalgia
What are the effects of Hypersecretion of TH onthe Muscular System?
Muscle atrophy and weakness
What are the Normal Physiological Effects of TH on the skeleton system?
Promotes normal growth and maturation of the skeleton
What are the effects of Hyposecretion of TH on the skeleton system?
In child, growth retardation, skeletal stunting and retention of child's body proportions; in adult, joint pain
What are the effects of Hypersecretion of TH on the skeleton system?
In child, excessive skeletal growth initially, followed by early epiphyseal closure and short stature; in adult, demineralization of skeleton
What are the Normal Physiological Effects of TH of GI System?
Promotes normal GI motility and tone; increases secretion of digestive juices
What are the effects of Hyposecretion of TH on the GI System?
Depressed GI motility, tone and secretory activity; constipation
What are the effects of Hypersecretion of TH on the GI Tract?
Excessive GI motility; diarrhea; loss of appetite
What are the Normal Physiological Effects of TH on the Reproductive System?
Promotes normal female reproductive ability and lactation
What are the effects of Hyposecretion of TH on the Reproductive System?
Depressed ovarian function; sterility; depressed lactation
What are the effects of Hypersecretion of TH on the Reproductive System?
In females, depressed ovarian function; in males, impotence
What are the Normal Physiological Effects of TH on the Integumentary System?
Promotes normal hydration and secretory activity of skin
What are the effects of Hyposecretion of TH on the Integumentary System?
Skin pale, thick and dry; facial edema: hair corse and thick
What are the effects of Hypersecretion of TH on the Integumentary System?
Skin flushed, thin and moist; hair fine and soft; nails soft and thin