Where in the brain is the respiratory center located?
Medulla Oblongata; lower most part of the brain.
The amount of air taken in with each inspiration during normal breathing
T.V. Tidal Volume
At the end of normal expiration the volume of air left in the lungs
E.R.V. Expiratory Reserve Volume
The volume of air representing a person's maximum breathing ability
V.C. Vital Capacity
Slow breathing is?
Bradypnea
What is the membrane that surrounds the lungs?
Pleura
Effusion of fluid into the air spaces and tissue spaces of the lungs is called:
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary embolism" means:
Obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches
Pneumonia is another name for:
Pneumonitis
Pleurisy is:
Inflammation of the membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the walls of the chest cavity
Air or gas in the pleural cavity is:
Pneumothorax
Surgical puncture of the chest wall:
Thoracentesis
The nasolacrimal duct is a tubular passageway between the:
Eye and nose
Bronchopneumonia involves the:
Lungs and bronchi
Chronic dilation of the bronchi accompanied by infection is called:
Bronchiectasis
A respiratory disorder characterized by destruction of the alveolar walls is:
Emphysema
Another name for "hoarseness" is:
Dysphonia
Tachypnea means:
Rapid breathing
Describe Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Begins with slow shallow breaths that gradually become abnormally rapid and deep. Breathing gradually becomes slower and slower and shallower and is followed by 10-20 seconds of apnea before the cycle is repeated. Each episode lasts from 45 seconds to 3 m
What is the cause of decreased tactile fremitus?
When vibrations form the larynx to the chest surface are imbedded by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstruction, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.
The type pf percussion tone normally heard when percussing over all areas of the lungs is:
Resonance
Normal diaphragmatic excursion distance is:
3-5 cm
The correct order for doing an assessment of the and lungs is:
Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation.
The type of breath sounds heard over most of the lung fields are:
Vesicular
Respiratory rates of an adult:
12-16
Respiratory rates for a newborn to 6 months:
30-60
Respiratory rates for 6-12 months:
24-30
Respiratory rates for 1-5 years
20-30
Respiratory rates for 6-12 years:
12-20
Not a reason for assessing breath sounds:
to give you helpful information about the heart.
The breath sounds with the longest inspiratory phase are:
Vesicular
Breath sounds which are about equal in duration are:
Bronchovesicular
Vesicular breath sounds are usually:
Low pitched and breezy
Bronchovesicular sounds can be heard best:
Over areas of the major bronchi, from C7-T4, posteriorly
If you hear light bubbles and crackling on inspiration in the long bases, you are probably hearing:
Crackles (rales)
Tactile fremitus assists the nurse in determining:
Pathology of the lung affecting vibrations felt on the surface of the chest
Palpation for excursion of the rib cage is necessary in identifying:
Adequate and equal expansion
The amount of air taken in with each inspiration during normal breathing is:
Tidal Volume
During auscultation, you would ask the patient to:
Breathe deeply with the mouth open
During thoracic auscultation, vesicular breath sounds are heard over the lung bases. This finding is interpreted as:
A normal finding
What is the membrane that surrounds the lungs?
Pleura
Inflamed, roughened pleural layers produce which of the following:
(Friction) Rubs
Hyperresonance heard during percussion of the lungs
Is an indication of hyperinflation
The process at the base of the neck which is ordinarily very visible and readily palpable is:
Cervical 7
What is the name of the instrument that measures the amount of air inhaled?
Spirometer
Pleurisy is:
Inflammation of the membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the walls of the chest cavity.
Increased vocal or tactile fremitus is associated with pneumonia. Tactile fremitus is:
Vibrations felt on the surface of the chest.
Wheezes are musical sounds produced when air is forced to flow through a bronchus that is narrowed. Which of the following conditions may cause "wheezes"?
Asthma
Which procedure involves removing ribs and allowing the chest to collapse a diseased lung?
Thoracoplasty
Chronic dilation of the bronchi accompanied by infection is called:
Bronchiectasis
Crackles are produced by air passing through moisture. Which of the following diseases may have as its symptoms light crackles since fluid might have escaped from capillaries into alveoli spaces?
Asthma
Important thoracic anatomic landmark is the junction of the manubrium and the sternum. It is called the:
Sternal angle (Angle of Louis)
On expiration, the lung is approximately at the level of:
T10
The right main stem bronchus is:
Wider, shorter and more vertical than the left.
Patients experiencing hypoxemia or hypermetabolism attempt to increase their oxygen intake by using their accessory muscles, which are the sternocleidomastoid and:
Abdominal rectus, trapezius, scalene, all of the above.
Which of the following respiratory conditions reported by Mr. R when you obtain his family health history is not considered to be a familial disease?
Pneumonia
The preferred positon of a patient on the examination table for assessment of the thorax and the lungs is:
Sitting upright
In a normal adult, the shape of the thorax is:
Wider from side to side than from front to back.
Mr. S states that he is sitting upright because he has difficulty breathing lying down. You determine that he has:
Orthopnea
You observe Mr. R pursing his lips during expiration. This is most likely due to:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Foul smelling sputum is an abnormal finding and most likely indicates:
Anaerobic infection
The sputum expected by a patient with pulmonary edema is most likely to be:
Pink and frothy
To palpate the anterior thorax, you should use the finger pads of you dominate hand and:
Start at the apex of the right lung (above the clavicle) and move down to each rib and intercostal space, then repeat on the left.
Pulsations on Mr. V's anterior chest wall detected by palpation may indicate:
A thoracic aortic aneurysm
The recommended procedure for locating the site of a friction rub is to have the patient point to the site of pain after:
You have lightly depressed the middle of the patients sternum
Mr. J's medical record indicates that he has severe chest trauma and recent onset of subcutaneous emphysema. Upon palpation of his chest you are most likely to feel:
Beads of air under the skin that pop with the pressure of your fingers, making a crackling sound.
A normal finding when assessing thoracic expansion is separation of the thumbs by:
3-5 cm on inspiration with return to the midline on expiration.
As the patient repeats the words "ninety-nine" deeply and loudly, vibration or a buzzing sensation is normally palpated and most accurately assessed:
In the intercostal spaces
A patient with absent or decreased tactile fremitus is most likely to have:
Asthma
To assess forced expiratory time, with your stethoscope over the patient's trachea, you measure the length of time that passes when the patient:
Exhales forcefully through the mouth
Upon auscultating Mr. Y's lungs, you hear crackles at the apex of the right lung, bronchial sounds at the base, and dullness to percussion over the right anterior thorax. The most likely explanation for these findings is:
Atelectasis
Later Mr. Y develops an elevated temperature and a productive cough with yellowish green sputum. Suspecting the development of pneumonia, you conduct another assessment and find diminished breath sounds throughout the right lung. Which os the following fi
Deviation of the trachea to the left
Croup:
A syndrome caused by infection which has a primary symptom of a harsh stridorous cough.
Emphysema:
A chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder in which the lung becomes hyper-inflated.
Alelectasis
Incomplete expansion of the lung
Asthma
A disease which consists of episodes of dyspnea, tachypnea, and cough. The episodes are accompanied a feeling of chest tightening and may be triggered by anxiety, exercise, or a number of other causes.
The best routine to use in respiratory auscultation is to:
Listen systematically from apex to base, auscultating a site over one ling and then the symmetrical site on the other side.
Changes in clarity and volume of spoken sounds during auscultation of the lungs can help you distinguish:
Consolidation from obstruction.
If you hear light bubbles and crackling on inspiration in the lung bases, you are probably hearing:
Crackles (rales)
Which of the following assessment findings may be found in a patient with the fluid in the lungs secondary to pneumonia?
Increased tactile fremitus
If you should hear high-pitched musical sounds that occur during inspiration or expiration, you are probably hearing:
Sibilant wheezes
When auscultating the lungs, listen to breath sounds at each auscultatory site:
through inspiration and expiration.
Hyperresonance heard during percussion of the lungs:
Is an indication of hyperinflation such as occurs in emphysema or with a pneumothorax.
Crackles are produced by air passing through moisture. Which of the following diseases may have as its symptoms light crackles since fluid may have escaped from capillaries into alveoli spaces?
Asthma
Which chest structure contains all the thoracic viscera except the lungs?
Mediastinum
Which structure transports air and removes noxious materials:
Bronchi
What potential risk factor is most important to assess concerning Nancy's present problems?
Cocaine use
Information appropriate for a chest and lung history pertains mostly to a patient's:
Experiences with difficult breathing
A serious risk for respiratory disability in an older adult is:
Difficulty with swallowing.
Which symptom is associated with intrathoracic infection?
Malodorous breath
Which finding suggests a minor structural variation?
Pigeon Chest
To inspect the chest, you should observe:
While the patient breathes naturally
Concerning Mr. B's respirations, you would:
Report that he has an above average rate.
What term would you use to document a respiratory rate greater then 20 per minute in an adult?
Tachypnea
What additional sign would correspond with your impression?
Clubbing of the fingers
What structure can be displaced by atelectasis, pleural effusion, or thyroid enlargement?
Trachea
Percussion of the back should be done with the patient's arms folded in front in order to:
Expose maximum lung area
The diaphragm of the stethoscope is better than the bell for auscultation of the lungs because it:
Transmits high pitched sounds
A musical squeaking noise head on auscultation of the lungs is called:
Wheezing
Mucoid, viscid, or blood streaked sputum usually indicates:
infection
Breath sounds in young children that are loud, harsh, and bronchovsicular are associated with:
Normal, thin chest wall structures
Dullness to percussion in intercostal spaces suggests the presence of:
Pnuemonia
Atelectasis is a condition that occurs:
At any age.