et tubes are flexivle tubes placed in the
trachea to deliver fresh gas during anesthesia
et tubes are made of
polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
red rubber
silicone
benefits of ET intubation:
maintain...
open airway
benefits of ET intubation:
decrease...
anatomic dead space
benefits of ET intubation:
allow for precise...
admin of anesthetic gas and 02
benefits of ET intubation:
prevent...
pulmonary aspirations of fluid which leads to pneumonia
benefits of ET intubation:
provide route...
of rapid response to respiratory emergencies
benefits of ET intubation:
allow control...
of patient respirations
what is dead space
composed of portions of breathing passages that contain air but no gas exchange can occur
dead space consists of
mouth; nasal passage; pharynx; trachea; bronchi
2 types of ET tubes
murphy, cole
side hole of murphys tube is called
murphys eye
beveled end, made of PVC, +/- cuff
murphys tubes
no side hole, no cuff
cole tubes
decreases in diameter near patient end of tube
cole tubes
used in birds and reptiles
cole tubes
french=
diameter
scale on side marks distance from patient end in
centimeters
internal diameter measured in
millimeters
ID written on
tube
ID range is
1mm- 30mm
5 ET components
patient end
murphy eye
machine end
cuff
pilot balloon
string hanging down
pilot balloon
creates a seal between trachea and tube
cuff
purtrudes from mouth
machine end
patient end
beveled end
inflated cuff benefits:
prevents...
leakage of air and gases around tube
inflated cuff benefits:
decreases...
risk of aspirations
inflated cuff benefits:
prevents animal from...
breathing room air
inflated cuff benefits:
do not...
over inflate cuff
inflated cuff benefits:
always deflate
cuff before removing
how do you activate pilot balloon
putting a syringe on end and fill it up with air
9 supplies to gather:
3 tube sizes
syringe
lube
laryngoscope
roll gauze
gauze squares
stylet
lidocaine
tb syringe / cotton tipped applicator
3 supplies always needed for cats
stylet
lidocaine
tb syringe / cotten tipped applicator
check tube for 4 things
clean?
functioning?
holes?
deteriorating?
premeasure tube from
tip of nose to thoracic inlet
tube should not extend more than
2 cm past the incisors
ET tube is placed after
induction of ga
et tube is left in place until
recovery period then deflated then removed once patient swallows
3 problems encountered with ET tubes
laryngospasm
vagus nerve stim
twisting / kinking tube
what do you lubricate
patient end of tube
when do you place animal in position
once patient reaches appropriate stage and plane of anesthesia
what position do you put them in
sternal recumbancy
extend...
neck and raise head to straight line
restrainer hold upper
jaw will the lips pulled back
restrainer mst not push on the
ventral aspect of neck
restrainer may push the
lower jaw down by pulling tongue forward
parts of laryngoscope
handle
blade
light source
2 types of blades
miller: straight
mcintosh: curved
laryngoscope helps hold
epiglottis
a stylet may be used to
firm the ET tube
a stylet should not extend
past the patient end of the tube
insert the ET tube past __ and into the
vocal cords ;
trachea
secure tube by tying with ____ or ___ around tube and patients ___ or ____
roll gauze; IV tubing
nose ; head
cuff should always be
inflated
6 ways to check for proper placement:
1) observe tube being placed
2) palpate
3) cough when put into trachea
4) vocalize
5) feel for breath
6) proper movement of reservoir bag
whats the difference of palpating the neck and feeling 1 or 2
feel 2 ?
in esophagus