What are the most common injuries seen in runners?
1) Patellofemoral pain (PFP)
2) Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS)
3) Tibial stress fracture (TSF)
4) Plantar fasciitis (PF)
5) Patellar tendonitis (PT)
6) Achilles tendonitis (AT)
What are some S/S of Petellofemoral pain (PFP)?
Retro or peripatellar pain
True or False? Proximal and distal factors are involved in patellofemoral pain
TRUE
What poor mechanics are said to be responsible for PFPS?
1) Poor foot mechanics
2) Poor hip control
PFPS occurs when there is poor __A__ and __B__ plane hip control
A) Frontal
B) Transverse
Poor frontal and transverse hip control results in what?
1) Excessive hip adduction
2) Excessive hip internal rotation
Why does poor frontal and transverse hip control result in excessive hip adduction and hip internal rotation?
1) Weakness of the hip abductors
2) Weakness of the hip external rotators
Previous studies have shown what treatments to be effective in treating PFPS when it is caused by proximal structures?
Treatment focusing on improved control in the absence of strengthening (No pain, improved function afterwards)
Recent studies have shown what treatments to be effective in treating PFPS when it is caused by proximal structures?
Hip strengthening alone
How do poor foot mechanics lead to PFPS?
1) Delayed or prolonged eversion
2) This leads to delayed or prolonged tibial internal rotation
3) Femur compensates by excessively internally rotating
4) Results in greater compression on the lateral aspect of the patella
Rehab studies have shown what treatment to be effective in treating PFPS when it is caused by distal structures?
Orthotics
True or False? Trunk control could be a factor in PFPS
TRUE
The iliotibial band acts as..
1) A lateral hip stabilizer
2) A lateral knee stabilizer
During knee flexion, the ITB moves..
Anterior/posterior
During knee flexion, the ITB moves anterior/posterior and creates..
Friction
What are some distal factors that could lead to Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS)?
1) Rearfoot eversion
2) Coupling between rearfoot eversion and tibial IR
3) This could increase strain on the ITB
What are some proximal factors that could lead to Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS)?
1) Weak hip abductors/adductors
True or False? There is an increase in hip adduction in runners who have had ITBS
TRUE
In the latest research, runners with ITBS ran with..
1) Less eversion
2) Greater IR at the knee
3) Greater hip adduction
****Proximal mechanism dominated
What are the two ways to have IR at the knee?
1) Tibia IR on fixed femur
2) ER femur causes the tibia to be IR
True or False? Knee internal rotation during gait analysis of runners with ITBS increased strain on the distal ITB
TRUE
There are three components that make up one movement that increases strain on the ITB. What are they?
1) Hip adduction
2) Relative femoral ER
3) Knee IR
Increased strain on the ITB could increase compression of the ITB with..
The lateral femoral condyle
Stress fractures require at least _________ rest from running
6 weeks
When looking at stress fractures, there is a _____ re-injury rate
36%
35-50% of all stress fractures occur in...
The tibia
Where can stress fractures r/t running occur?
1) Tibia
2) Navicular
3) Fibula
4) Metatarsal
Tibia stress fractures are associated with...
1) Increased GRF impact peak
2) Increased vertical GRF load rate
3) Increased tibial acceleration
4) Adduction free moment peak
True or False? It is presently unknown what strategies runners use to lower tibial shock
TRUE
What are some ways to reduce loading?
1) A midfoot/forefoot strike pattern
2) Landing with greater knee flexion
What are two potential mechanisms of patellar tendonitis r/t running?
1) Excessive DF, weak DFs
2) Excessive quad recruitment
How would excessive DF or weak DFs cause patellar tendonitis in runners?
Forward translation of the tibia is regulated by the quads instead of the DFs
How would excessive quad recruitment cause patellar tendonitis in runners?
1) Stiff gait
2) Attempting to compensate for hip or ankle weakness
Achilles tendonitis in runners is typically related to what?
1) Excessive or prolonged eversion
2) Tight tendon
3) Mid-foot pronation
What occurs during initial impact loading in runners with OA?
1) Subchondral bone thickening
2) Surface fissuring of cartilage
True or False? High impacts and loading rates are found in the OA population
TRUE
True or False? The body is not effective in absorbing the forces during running
TRUE
True or False? Loading rates are higher during walking and running after an ACL
TRUE
Higher loading rates are associated with what types of injuries?
1) Stress fractures
2) Plantar fasciitis
3) OA