The inorganic part of dental calculus contains?
Primarily Calcium phosphate but also calcium carbonate and magnesium phosphate
Can calculus have living bacteria within the deposits?
Yes
Newly formed calculus deposits appear as a crystalline form called?
Brushite
In calculus deposits less than 6 months old the crystalline form is?
Octocalcium phosphate
Calculus deposits more than 6 months old have crystalline called?
Hydroxyapatite
How does calculus attach to the tooth?
Pellicle, irregular tooth surface, direct contact of the calcified component of the tooth surface
Study of the Anatomic surface features of the teeth.
Morphology
Palatogingival groove is most common on what teeth?
Maxillary lateral incisors
The ability of a disease causing agent to actually produce the disease
Pathogenicity
A crown margin that is closer than ___ to the Cree if the alveolar vibe can result in resorption of the alveolar bone?
2 mm
The open space apical to the contact area of two adjacent teeth is called?
Embrasure space
When bulky crowns invade upon the Embrasure space it is called?
Encroaching upon the Embrasure space
Clinical signs of trauma from occlusion?
Tooth mobility, sensitivity to pressure, migration of the teeth
Radiographic signs of trauma from occlusion?
Enlarged PDL space, alveolar bone resorption
Is change from primary trauma from occlusion reversible?
Yes
In this type of trauma the periodontium was unhealthy before trauma.
Secondary trauma from occlusion
The normal forces produced during the act of chewing food
Function occlusal forces
Result from tooth to tooth contact made when not in the act of eating
Para functional occlusal forces
Continuous or intermittent forceful closure of the mx teeth against the mn teeth
Clenching
Forceful grinding of the teeth
Bruxism
Collection of responses that protect the body against infections by bacteria viruses fungi toxins and parasites
Immune system
How does the body react to foreign substances?
Sending certain types if cells to the infection site and producing biochemical substances to counteract the foreign invaders
The way an individual's body respond to an infection is known as?
Host response
Components of the immune system that play an important role in perio disease are?
Cell defenders (phagocytes, lymphocytes) and the complement system.
WBCs that act like single cell organisms able to move and capture microoganisms on their own
Leukocytes
Phagocytes that play a vital role in combatting the pathogenic bacteria responsible for perio
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
Also known as neutrophils
Pmns
Provide the first line of defense
Pmns
What is in the cytoplasm of neutrophils?
Lysosomes ; they kill and digest bacterial cells after phagocytosis
Do pmns have a short life span typically one day?
Yes
Does pus found at the site have dead and dying neutrophils?
Yes
A pmn court of less than 1000 cells/ml
Neutropenia
Large phagocytes with one kidney shaped nucleus and some granules
Macrophage
Leukocytes that are found in the blood stream
Monocyte
Leukocyte found in the tissue
Macrophage
Slower long lived macrophages are often the most numerous cells in what type of inflammation?
Chronic
Macrophages present antigen to what type of cell?
T cell
Small leukocytes that help in he defense against bacteria viruses and fungi
B lymphocytes
What are the two types of b lymphocytes
Plasma cells and memory B cells
Y shaped proteins
Antibodies
Thin layer of epithelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels
Endothelium
The process of immune cells exiting the vessels and entering the tissues
Transendothelial migration
Process where leukocytes are attracted to the infection site in response to biochemical compounds released by invading micro organisms
Chemotaxis
Phagocytic vesicle
Phagosome
Lysosomes granules fused with the vesicle
Phagolysosome
Major subgroup of cytokines
Chemokines
Cause additional immune cells to be attached to the site of infection or injury
Chemokines