Perio 2

The inorganic part of dental calculus contains?

Primarily Calcium phosphate but also calcium carbonate and magnesium phosphate

Can calculus have living bacteria within the deposits?

Yes

Newly formed calculus deposits appear as a crystalline form called?

Brushite

In calculus deposits less than 6 months old the crystalline form is?

Octocalcium phosphate

Calculus deposits more than 6 months old have crystalline called?

Hydroxyapatite

How does calculus attach to the tooth?

Pellicle, irregular tooth surface, direct contact of the calcified component of the tooth surface

Study of the Anatomic surface features of the teeth.

Morphology

Palatogingival groove is most common on what teeth?

Maxillary lateral incisors

The ability of a disease causing agent to actually produce the disease

Pathogenicity

A crown margin that is closer than ___ to the Cree if the alveolar vibe can result in resorption of the alveolar bone?

2 mm

The open space apical to the contact area of two adjacent teeth is called?

Embrasure space

When bulky crowns invade upon the Embrasure space it is called?

Encroaching upon the Embrasure space

Clinical signs of trauma from occlusion?

Tooth mobility, sensitivity to pressure, migration of the teeth

Radiographic signs of trauma from occlusion?

Enlarged PDL space, alveolar bone resorption

Is change from primary trauma from occlusion reversible?

Yes

In this type of trauma the periodontium was unhealthy before trauma.

Secondary trauma from occlusion

The normal forces produced during the act of chewing food

Function occlusal forces

Result from tooth to tooth contact made when not in the act of eating

Para functional occlusal forces

Continuous or intermittent forceful closure of the mx teeth against the mn teeth

Clenching

Forceful grinding of the teeth

Bruxism

Collection of responses that protect the body against infections by bacteria viruses fungi toxins and parasites

Immune system

How does the body react to foreign substances?

Sending certain types if cells to the infection site and producing biochemical substances to counteract the foreign invaders

The way an individual's body respond to an infection is known as?

Host response

Components of the immune system that play an important role in perio disease are?

Cell defenders (phagocytes, lymphocytes) and the complement system.

WBCs that act like single cell organisms able to move and capture microoganisms on their own

Leukocytes

Phagocytes that play a vital role in combatting the pathogenic bacteria responsible for perio

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)

Also known as neutrophils

Pmns

Provide the first line of defense

Pmns

What is in the cytoplasm of neutrophils?

Lysosomes ; they kill and digest bacterial cells after phagocytosis

Do pmns have a short life span typically one day?

Yes

Does pus found at the site have dead and dying neutrophils?

Yes

A pmn court of less than 1000 cells/ml

Neutropenia

Large phagocytes with one kidney shaped nucleus and some granules

Macrophage

Leukocytes that are found in the blood stream

Monocyte

Leukocyte found in the tissue

Macrophage

Slower long lived macrophages are often the most numerous cells in what type of inflammation?

Chronic

Macrophages present antigen to what type of cell?

T cell

Small leukocytes that help in he defense against bacteria viruses and fungi

B lymphocytes

What are the two types of b lymphocytes

Plasma cells and memory B cells

Y shaped proteins

Antibodies

Thin layer of epithelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels

Endothelium

The process of immune cells exiting the vessels and entering the tissues

Transendothelial migration

Process where leukocytes are attracted to the infection site in response to biochemical compounds released by invading micro organisms

Chemotaxis

Phagocytic vesicle

Phagosome

Lysosomes granules fused with the vesicle

Phagolysosome

Major subgroup of cytokines

Chemokines

Cause additional immune cells to be attached to the site of infection or injury

Chemokines