GB
Sarin (Nerve Agent)
GA
Tabun (Nerve Agent)
GD
Soman (Nerve Agent)
GF
Cyclosarin (Nerve Agent)
VX
S-2-(Diisopropylamino) Ethyl O-Ethyl Methylphosphonothioate (Nerve Agent)
AC
Hydrogen Cyanide (Blood Agent)
CK
Cyanogen Chloride (Blood Agent)
DP
Diphosgene (Pulmonary Agent)
Cl
Chlorine (Pulmonary Agent)
CG
Phosgene (Pulmonary Agent)
H
Mustard (Blister Agent)
HN
Nitrogen Mustard (Blister Agent)
HD
Distilled Mustard (Blister Agent)
L
Lewesite (Blister Agent)
CX
Phosgene Oxime (Blister Agent)
CN
Mace (Riot Control)
CR
Dibenzoxazepine (Riot Control)
CS
2-Chlorobenzal-Malononitrile (Riot Control)
DM
Adamsite (Riot Control)
OC
Oleoresin Capsicum (Riot Control)
What is the smell of a Nerve agent like?
Odorless
What is the smell of a Blood agent like?
Almonds / Irritating Odor
What is the smell of a Pulmonary (choking) agent like?
New mown Hay / Grass
What is the smell of Lewesite?
Geranium
What is the smell of a Blister agent like?
Garlic, Mustard, Horseradish
How do you treat a Nerve agent?
-Atropine 2mg, 1st drug of choice
(non-medical 3x / Medical 6x)
-2PAM-CL 600mg (Prolidoxime Chloride)
-Mark 1 antidote kit contains BOTH^
-Autoinjector Tx Nerve Agent Antidote, ATNAA (replacing MARK 1)
How do you treat a Blood agent?
1) 2 Amyl Nitrite ampules, crushed and inhaled every few minutes 8x
OR IV Sodium Nitrite 300mg-600mg
2) IV Sodium Thiosulfate 12.5, 1-2 doses
How do you treat a Pulmonary agent?
-Complete Rest.
-O2 for patients w/ SOB
How do you treat a Blister agent?
-No real Tx, only pain and itching relief.
-British Anti-Lewesite (BAL) DO NOT USE on patients allergic to peanuts.
-Decon w/in 2 min, reduces toxicity by 50%
-Soap & water or 0.5% hypochlorite (1:10 bleach)
How do you treat Riot Control / Lacrimators / Harrassment agents?
Don mask, symptoms may worsen, KEEP MASK ON, only take off to clear vomit/secretions.
What are the characteristics of a Nerve agent?
-Anticholinesterase
-Greatest concern, interfere w/ normal transmission of nerve impulses.
-Colorless lquids / vapors
Inhaled = Radid reaction
Skin contact = Slow reaction
What are the characteristics of a Blood agent?
-Systemic poison
-Disrupts O2 utilization at cellular levels, non persistent agents.
What are the characteristics of a Pulmonary (choking) agent?
Damage the membranes in the lungs that seperate alveolar tissue = blood plasma leak into the alveoli (pulmonary edema)
-Vapor form, dispurse quickly. CG: Colorless gas
What are the characteristics of a Blister agent?
-Vesicant
-Oily, colorless or pale yellow liquids.
-L: light to dark brown liquid, vaporizes slowly.
All agents have a relatively high capor density.
What are the characteristics of a Riot control / Harrassment agents?
-Crystallized solids dispersed as fine particles or in solutions.
-Immediate, but temporary effect
-Irritate the skin, mucosa membranes, and airway.
Lacrimators: irritants that act on the eyes
Vomiting: cause nausea, vomiting, general malaise
What are the signs and symptoms of Nerve agents?
Small Vapor Exp: Miosis, rhinorrhea, dyspnea
Small Liquid: Localized sweating, nausea, comiting, weakness
Large Vapor: Miosis, loss of conscioussness, convulsions, apnea, flaccid paralysis, copious decretions.
Large Liquid: SAME, but no miosis.
What are the signs and symptoms of Blood agents?
Moderate Exposure: increase RR and depth, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, headache, eye irritation.
Large: Rapid onset, increase RR and depth, convulsions w/in 30 sec, apnea, cardiac arrest in min
What are the signs and symptoms of Pulmonary agents?
-Irritation of the eyes, nose, and airway.(May be difficult to distingiush from riot agents)
-May progress to coughing, dyspnea, hoarseness talking, sneezing, wheezing, tightness in chest.
-More often , however, no symptoms 2-6 hrs after exposure.
-Latent
What are the signs and symptoms of Blister agents?
-Eye inflammation (most vulnerable part of body), Pain and gritting feeling in the Eyes, Spastic blinking, Photophobia, cornea damage,
-Blisters form w/in 12-14 hrs
-Warm and sweaty areas most affected
-Inhaled: sore throat, coughing, SOB, bronchiopneumon
What are the signs and symptoms of Riot Control / Harrassment agents?
Main effects: Pain, burning, irritation to exposed skin and mucosa membranes over 2 hrs.
-Lacrimators: Pain in eyes, excessive tearing
-Vomiting: general malaise, nausea, vomiting,