0.25s - 1/3 of the time available
Under normal resting conditions, the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide is usually completed in about ?
0.75 s
the normal transit time for blood through the avleolar-capillary system is about
ficks law
the rate of gas transfer across a sheet of tissue is directly proportional to the surface of the tissue, to the diffusion constants and to the difference in partial pressure of the gas between two sides of the tissue.
avleolar-capillary membrane
in the lungs gas mole. must diffuse through the ?
decreases
during exercise blood passes through the alveolar-cap system at rate much faster and there for the time for gas diffusion
Carbon monoxide
example of a diffusion limited gas?
monocytes
largest WBC
histamine
basophils contain
55
plasma constitutes about __% of the total blood volume
capillaries
gas exchange occurs in the _______ of the pulmonary system?
gas exchange in the capillaries
external respiration
gas exchange between the capillaries and systemic system
internal respiration
stroke volume
the volume of blood ejected from the ventricle during each contraction is called?
cardiac output
the total volume of blood discharged from the ventricles per min is called the?
eosinophils
what WBC is usually elevated in pt w/ asthma ?
neutrophils
an increase in the number of what type of WBC suggest a bacterial infection?
increase in ventilation or decrease in perfusion
How does a increase V/Q ratio develop?
decrease in ventilation or increase in perfusion
how does a decrease v/q ratio develop?
0.8
overall the v/q ratio is about
paCO2 is highest in the lower lungs
in the healthy individual in the upright postion the
increase
when irritant reflex are activated what happens to ventilatory rate?
stop
hearing breure reflex when activate does what to inspiration?
60 torr
the peripheral chemoreceptors are significantly acitvited when the pO2 decrease to about
tachycardia
increased PVR
Systemic arterial htn
stimulation of per. chemoreceptors can cause ?
dorsal and ventral resp. group
the respiratory component of the medulla consist of which of the following?
decrease
as we age the vital capacity does what?
20-25 yrs
lung reach there most function between what ages?
lung compliance increases
chest wall compliance decrease
with advancing age what happens to lung compliance and chest wall compliance?
Age x 220
Max HR calc?
20%
over a course of a life diffusion capacity decrease about?
lower respiratory system
larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs
surfactant
fluid secretion by type II cells comprised of phospholipids and lipoproteins.
releases surface tension
breaks up weak hydrogen bonds
Respiratory Zone
terminal bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles
Alveoli
The function of the larynx is?
To protect the trachea, and is important in sound production.
Gas exchange requires the following
Ventilation, Perfusion, Diffusion
largest of the cartilages
thyroid cartilage
glottis
opening between vocal folds and is open when we breathe
bronchi
the trachea divides into right and left