What are the 2 parts of the CNS?
brain & spinal cord
How many pairs of spinal nerves (mixed) are there?
31 pairs
How many spinal nerves (mixed) are there?
62 (31 pairs)
What contains the 1� sensory neuron cell bodies?
dorsal root (spinal) ganglion
What are the 2 functional subdivisions of the nervous system?
somatic and visceral (autonomic)
What neurotransmitter do preganglionic sympathetic neurons use?
acetylcholine
What neurotransmitter do postganglionic sympathetic neurons use?
norepinephrine
What levels of the spinal cord have cell bodies for the sympathetic nervous system?
T1-L2
What neurotransmitter do preganglionic parasympathetic neurons use?
acetylcholine
What neurotransmitter do postganglionic parasympathetic neurons use?
acetylcholine
What levels of the spinal cord have cell bodies for the parasympathetic nervous system?
cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X and S2-S4
Which splanchnic nerves carry sympathetic fibers?
greater, lesser, and least
Which splanchnic nerves carry parasympathetic fibers?
pelvic
Which cranial nerves are special sensory?
I, II, VII, VIII, IX, and X
Which cranial nerves are somatic motor?
III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, and XII
Which cranial nerves are somatic sensory?
V, VII, and IX
Which cranial nerves have parasympathetic control?
III, VII, IX, and X
What is a characteristic of the cranial nerves with special sensory?
somewhere there will be a bipolar neruon
With regards to cranial nerve I, fibers in olfactory mucosa traverse the __________ _____ and synapse on the _________ ____.
cribriform plate; olfactory bulb
With regards to cranial nerve II, fibers from the retina converge on the _____ ____ and are carried in the optic nerve, chiasma, and tract to the _______ _________ ______.
optic disc; lateral geniculate bodies
Which cranial nerve supplies 5 somatic muscles and 2 visceral (smooth) muscles?
cranial nerve III, oculomotor
Which cranial nerve supplies superior oblique?
cranial nerve IV, trochlear
What is the action of superior oblique?
turns eyes down and out
What is the "great sensory nerve of the face?
cranial nerve V, trigeminal
What is the largest cranial nerve?
cranial nerve V, trigeminal
Which cranial nerve is the motor supply to muscles of mastication?
cranial nerve V, trigeminal
Which cranial nerve supplies lateral rectus?
cranial VI, abducens (abducent)
What is the action of lateral rectus?
moves eye laterally
What is the "nerve of facial expression?
cranial nerve VII, facial
Which cranial nerve carries taste information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
cranial nerve VII, facial
Which cranial nerve supplies muscles of facial expression including stylohyoid and stapedius?
cranial nerve VII, facial
Which cranial nerve supply lacrimal and salivary glands?
cranial nerve VII, facial
Which cranial nerve receives sensory information from the cochlea and vestibule?
cranial nerve VIII, vestibulocochlear
Which cranial nerve carries taste information from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
cranial nerve IX, glossopharyngeal
Which cranial nerve gives motor supply to the stylopharyngeus?
cranial nerve IX, glossopharyngeal
Which cranial nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?
cranial nerve IX, glossopharyngeal
What is the longest cranial nerve?
cranial nerve X, vagus
Which cranial nerve gives motor supply to the pharyngeal constrictors?
cranial nerve X, vagus
Which cranial nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to bronchi, heart, and GI tract from esophagus to distal 1/3 of the transverse colon?
cranial nerve X, vagus
Which cranial nerve supplies muscles of the pharynx, larynx, and palate (cranial part) and the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles (spinal part)?
cranial nerve XI, spinal accessory
Which cranial nerve supplies intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
cranial nerve XII, hypoglossal
What is cranial nerve I's skull opening?
cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
What is cranial nerve II's skull opening
optic canal
What is cranial nerve III's skull opening
superior orbital fissue
What is cranial nerve IV's skull opening
superior orbital fissure
What is cranial nerve V1's skull opening
superior orbital fissure
What is cranial nerve V2's skull opening
foramen rotundum
What is cranial nerve V3's skull opening
foramen ovale
What is cranial nerve VI's skull opening
superior orbital fissure
What is cranial nerve VII's skull opening
internal acoustic meatus
What is cranial nerve VIII's skull opening
internal acoustic meatus
What is cranial nerve IX's skull opening
jugular foramen
What is cranial nerve X's skull opening
jugular foramen
What is cranial nerve XI's skull opening
jugular foramen
What is cranial nerve XII's skull opening
hypoglossal canal
What are the 2 types of neurons in a somatic motor pathway?
upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons
Which neuron in a somatic motor pathway is found in the peripheral nervous system?
lower motor neurons
Which tract do upper motor neurons descend in before synapsing in the anterior horn (primarily Rexed lamina VII) of the gray matter?
lateral corticospinal tract
Where do upper motor neurons synapse after descending the lateral corticospinal tract?
anterior horn, primarily Rexed Lamina VII, of the gray matter
Which type of upper motor neuron initiates voluntary movements?
pyramidal
Which type of upper motor neuron coordinates movements?
extrapyramidal
Where do lower motor neurons exit cord?
anterior (ventral) rootlets
How many neurons are in a somatic sensory pathway?
3
1. from PNS to CNS
2. to thalamus
3. to cortex
Where are primary (first order) sensory neuron cell bodies located?
dorsal root (spinal) ganglion
*convey information from a receptor to the CNS
Where do secondary (second order) sensory neurons decussate and convey information?
thalamus
Where do tertiary (third order) sensory neurons relay information?
cerebral cortex, primarily the post central gyrus, where sensory information is integrated
What are the bipolar primary sensory neuron of cranial nerve I?
olfactory neurons
Where are olfactory neurons found?
in olfactory epithelium lining superior part of the nasal cavity