Principal function associated with the respiratory system
Gas exchange
6 Functions of the respiratory system
1. Regulates blood pH
2. Contains receptors for sense of smell
3. Filters inhaled air
4. Produces sounds
5. Rids the body of small amounts of water and heat in exhaled air
6. Gas exchange
Structural divisions of the respiratory system
Upper and Lower Respiratory system
The upper respiratory system is made up of these three structures
1. Nose
2. Nasal cavity
3. Pharynx (throat)
The lower respiratory system is made up o these four structures
1. Larynx (voice box)
2. Trachea (windpipe)
3. Bronchi
4. Lungs
Functional divisions of the respiratory system
Conducting zone and Respiratory zone
Zone including the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and trachea; functions to filter, warm, moisten, and conduct air
Conducting zone
Zone where gas exchange occurs
Respiratory zone
Zone including respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli
Respiratory zone
Zone that functions in the exchange of gases between blood and air
Respiratory zone
Opening where the nasal cavity communicates with the pharynx
Internal nares
Structure of the nasal cavity made up of the vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Septum
Shelves inside the nasal cavity
Conchae
Three regions of the pharynx
1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx
Located in the internal nares to end of soft palate; functions to move dust-laden mucus farther down the throat, and equalize pressure within auditory tubes
Nasopharynx
Located from the soft palate to hyoid; functions as the common passageway for food and air
Oropharynx
Located from hyoid to end of larynx; functions as a common passageway
Laryngopharynx
Connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea; "voice box
Larynx
THree singly occurring pieces of cartilage of the larynx
Thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple)
Epiglottis
Cricoid cartilage
Three pieces of cartilage occurring in pairs in the larynx
Arytenoid, cuneiform, and corniculate cartilages
Flap of cartilage attached to the thyroid cartilage that prevents the breathing in of food
Epiglottis
Principal structure of sound production
Vocal folds
Tubular passageway for air that extends from the larynx to the superior border of T5, then divides into right and left main bronchi
Trachea (windpipe)
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells in the tracheal wall
Mucosa
Rings of hyaline cartilage function how in the tracheal wall?
To provide a semi-rigid support
At the superior border of T5, the trachea divides into a _____ main bronchus and a ____ main bronchs
Right (primary and Left (primary)
The main bronchi divide to form the _____ bronchi, one for each lobe of the lung
Lobar (secondary)
Lobar bronchi branch into _________ bronchi
Segmental (tertiary)
Segmental bronchi branch into ___________
Bronchioles
Bronchioles branch into _______ ___________
Terminal bronchioles
Serous membrane surrounding each lung separately
Pleural membrane
Lines the wall of the thoracic cavity
Parietal pleura
Lines the lung(s)
Visceral pleura
Space between the pleurae
Pleural cavity
Broad inferior surface of the lungs
Base
Narrow superior portion of the lungs
Apex
Surface of the lungs that lies agains the ribs
Costal surface
Area on the mediastinal surface where the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and exit
Hilum
Indentation in the left lung for the heart to reside
Cardiac notch
The left lung has ___ lobes
Two
THe right lung has _____ lobes
Three
Oblique fissure in the left lung separates the ________ lobe from the ________ lobe
Superior; inferior
Oblique fissure in the right lung separates the inferior lobe from the ________ and ______ lobe
superior; middle
This fissure is only present on the right lung
Horizontal fissure
Terminal bronchioles divide into microscopic ___________ bronchioles
Respiratory
Respiratory bronchioles divide into ________ _____
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar ducts lead to _______ ____
Alveoli sacs
Cup-shaped pouches in the lung lined with simple squamous epithelium
Alveoli