Oral vestibule, oral cavity
Two parts of the oral cavity
Oral vestibule
The slit-like space between the teeth and buccal gingiva and the lips and cheeks; communicates with exterior through the mouth
Orbicularis oris, buccinator, risorius, depressors and levators of the lips
Muscles that control the size of the oral fissure (circumoral muscles)
Oral cavity
The space between the upper and the lower dental arches or arcades
Temporal
Muscle that elevates mandible; closes jaw; posterior, more horizontal fibers are primary retractors of mandible
Temporal branches
These branch of the mandibular nerve innervate the temporal muscle
Masseter
Elevates mandible, closes jaw; superficial fibers make limited contribution to protrusion of mandible
Masseteric nerve
This nerve from the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve innervates the masseter
Lateral pterygoid
Acting bilaterally, protracts mandible and depresses chin; acting unilaterally, swings jaw toward contralateral side; alternate unilateral contraction produces larger lateral chewing movements
Medial pterygoid
Acts synergistically wiith masseter to elevate mandible; contributes to protrusion; alternate unilateral activity produces smaller grinding movements
Digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid, mylohyoid
4 Suprahyoid muscles; depress mandible against resistance when infrahyoid muscles fix or depress hyoid bone
Facial and mandibular
Nerves that innervate the digastric m.
Facial
Innervates the stylohyoid m.
Mandibular
Innervates mylohyoid m.
Platysma
Depresses mandible against resistance; innervated by cervical branch of facial nerve
Labial frenula
Free-edged folds of mucous membrane in the midline, extending from the vestibular gingiva to the mucosa of the upper and lower lips
S/I labial arteries, branches of facial arteries
These arteries anastomose in the lips to form an arterial ring
Infraorbital; mental
Upper lip is supplied by branches from ________ nerves and lower lip is supplied by branches from ___________ nerves
Submandibular
Lymph from the upper lip and lateral parts of the lower lip passes primarily to these lymph nodes
Submental
Lymph from the medial part of the lower lip passes initially to these lymph nodes
Buccinators
Principal muscles of the cheeks
Buccal glands
Glands that lie between the mucous membrane and the buccinators
Maxillary; mandibular
The cheeks are supplied by this artery and this nerve
Palatine processes of maxillae, horiztontal plates of palatine bone
Anterior 2/3 of the palate is formed by these
Incisive fossa
A depression in the midline of the bony palate posterior to the central incisor teeth into which the incisive canals open
Nasopalatine nerves
These pass from the nose through a variable number of incisive canals and foramina that open into the incisive fossa
Medial to 3rd molar tooth
Where does the greater palatine foramen pierce the lateral border of the bony plate
Greater palatine vessels and nerves
What exit the greater palatine foramen and run anteriorly on the palate
Tensor veli palatini
The palatine aponeurosis, which strengthens the soft palate, is formed by the tendon of this muscle
Fauces
The space between the cavity of the mouth and the pharynx
Isthmus
This part of the fauces is the short constricted space that establishes the connection between the oral cavity proper and the oropharynx
Tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, musculus uvulae
Muscles of the soft palate
Levator veli palatini
Elevates soft palate during swallowing and yawning
Palatoglossus
Elevates posterior part of tongue and draws soft palate onto tongue
Palatopharyngeus
Tenses soft palate and pulls walls of pharynx superiorly, anteriorly, and medially during swallowing
Muculus uvulae
Shortens uvula and pulls it superiorly
Pterygoid
The veins of the palate are tributaries of this venous plexus
Maxillary
The sensory nerves of the palate are branches of this nerve that branch from the pterygopalatine ganglion
Greater palatine nerve
This nerve supplies the gingivae, mucous membrane, and glands of most of the hard palate
Nasopalatine nerve
Supplies the mucous membrane of the anterior part of the hard palate
Lesser palatine
Nerves that supple the soft palate
Root, body, apex, curved dorsum, inferior surface
Parts of the tongue
Root
Posterior 1/3 of the tongue that rests on the floor of the mouth
Body
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue
Apex
Anterior end of the body of the tongue, rests against the incisor teeth
Dorsum
Posteriosuperior surface of the tongue, partly located in the oral cavity, partly in the oropharynx
Terminal sulcus
Dorsum of tongue is characterized by this V-shaped groove, the angle of which points posteriorly to the foramen cecum
Vallate papillae
Large and flat topped, these lie directly anterior to the terminal sulcus and are arranged in a V-shaped row
taste buds
The walls of the trenches that surround the vallate papillae are studded with these
Serous glands
The ducts of these glands open into the trenches around the vallate papillae
Foliate papillae
Small lateral folds of the lingual mucosa
Filiform papillae
Long and numerous, contain afferent nerve endings that are sensitive to touch; scaly, conical projections that are arranged in V-shaped rows that are parallel to the terminal sulcus, except at the apex
Fungiform papillae
Mushroom shaped pink or red spots, they are scattered among the filiform papillae but are most numerous at the apex and margins of the tongue
Mucous membrane
This on the posterior part of the tongue is thick and freely movable
Lingual tonsil
Lymphoid nodules on the back of the tongue
Sublingual caruncle
Present on each side of the base of the lingual frenulum that includes the opening of the submandibular duct from the submandibular salivary gland
Extrinsic; intrinsic
In general, ____________ muscles alter the position of the tongue and __________ muscles alter the shape
Genioglossus, hypoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue that originate outside the tongue and attach to it; mainly move the tongue but can alter shape
S/I longitudinal, transverse, vertical muscles
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue; are not attached to bone
S/I longitudinal
These muscles act together to make the tongue short and thick and to retract and protrude the tongue
Transverse, vertical
These act simultaneously to make the tongue long and narrow
Pharyngeal plexus
The palatoglossus muscle is the only tongue muscle not supplied by CN 12, and is responded by this instead
Lingual nerve
Mucosa of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue(general-touch and temp) is supplied by this nerve from CN V3
Chorda tympani (CN VII)
Special sensation(taste) to ant 2/3 of the tongue is supplied through this nerve from CN VII
Lingual branch of CN IX
This nerve serves as both general and special sensory innervation for the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
Chorda tympani
Parasympathetic fibers from this nerve travel with the lingual nerve to the submandibular and sublingual salivary gland
Sweetness
This taste sensation is detected at the apex
Saltiness
This taste sensation is detected at the lateral margins
Posterior part
Sourness and bitterness are detected at this part of the tongue
Lingual
Arteries of the tongue are derived from this artery from the external carotid
Dorsal lingual
This artery supplies the root of the tongue
Deep lingual
These arteries communicate with each other near the apex of the tongue
Sublingual
The deep lingual veins run posteriorly beside the lingual frenulum to join this vein
Tip of the tongue, frenulum, central lower lip
Lymph from these parts of the oral area run in an independent course
IX, X
These cranial nerves are responsible for the gag reflex
Pterygopalatine fossa
Lies between the pterygoid process of the sphenoid posteriorly and the posterior aspect of the maxilla anteriorly
Perpindicular plate
This part of the palatine bone forms the medial wall of the pterygopalatine fossa
Greater wing of sphenoid
Roof of the pterygopalatine fossa
Pyrimidal process of palatine
Floor of the pterygopalatine fossa
Inferior orbital fissure
After leaving the pterygopalatine fossa through this fissure, the maxillary nerve becomes the infraorbital nerve
Greater petrosal
Para. fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion come from the facial nerve by way of this nerve
Deep petrosal nerve
This is a symp. nerve arising from the internal carotid plexus as the artery exits the carotid canal