Soil
surface material from the earth, both natural and artificial
Ridge Characteristics
the ridge endings, enclosures, and other details that make up a fingerprint
Radial Fractures
extend outward from point of impact, almost like the spokes on a wheel.
Probability
the frequency of an event
Physical Properties
describe a substance or object without referring to any other substance
Physical Evidence
includes tangible objects, including weapons, trace evidence like hair, blood or fibers, and fingerprints
Mintutiae
the ridge endings, enclosures, and other details that make up a fingerprint
Individuals Characteristics
properties associated with a common source due to a high degree of certainty
Identification
the process of determining the chemical or physical characteristics of a piece of evidence with as much certainty as possible
Documentary Evidence
any type of written or recorded evidence, such as a recording of a telephone conversation or a video recording of a crime
Demonstrative Evidence
evidence that is used to help recreate or illustrate a crime
Concentric Fractures
fractures that form a circle around the point of impact
Comparison
the process of testing a suspect sample with a known sample to prove whether or not they share a common origin
Class Characteristics
can only be associated with a group and not a single source
Chemical Properties
describe what happens when a substance reacts with another substance
Testimony
the evidence given by witnesses during a trial