Evidence must be offered for peer review
Daubert
Fiberglass is a fiber form of what?
Glass
The first to arrive at a crime scene is usually who?
Police officers
This law is based on a group:
Statutory
The amount of adipose tissue is influenced by race and gender but is DETERMINED by:
Genetics
Medical examiners help determine the time of death by studying the contents. In general, it takes:
4-6 hours for the stomach to empty its contents into the small intestine and another 12 hours for it to leave the small intestine
A male skull is usually _______ than the female skull
Narrower
Asiatics, Inuets, and Native Americans are commonly referred to as
Mongoloid
A man with a heart condition is attacked and dies from a heart attack during the assault.
In this case, the MANNER of death is:
Homicide
Fusion of sutures usually begins at 17 and are complete at
25 years old
Class evidence narrows an identity to:
A group of persons or things
Red blood cells do what
Carry respiratory gases, mainly oxygen and carbon dioxide
The verbal testimony of a forensic scientist alone may not be entered into evidence without:
The proper documentation
Puddn�head Wilson is a lawyer created by Mark Twain in the novel of the same name, published in November of 1894.
In his final address to a jury, Lawyer Wilson exhibits his knowledge of the cutting edge technology of the day:
FINGERPRINTS as forensic evidence
The crime scene investigation team is made up of:
Legal and scientific professionals who work together to solve a crime
Trace evidence is a type of circumstantial evidence, examples of which include:
All of these choices: Hair found on a brush, Fingerprints found on a glass, Blood drops on a shirt
To ensure all evidence is found, a crime scene is often laid out in a:
Grid
�Smiling Gus� Winkler, a gangster, thought he could stay ahead of police by:
Surgically altering his fingertips
If you tease apart a human chromosome, you will see that it is made up of:
2 strands of DNA
1 of two or more alternative forms of a gene is:
An allele
Hair is considered: (without the follicular tag)
Class evidence
Which area of science is involved in criminalistics?
All of the above: biology, chemistry, geology
In Chicago �Smiling Gus� met up with some of Chicago�s most famous gangsters. They included:
All of these choices: Al Capone, Bugsy Moran, Fred �Killer� Burke
Natural fibers come from:
All of these choices: animals, plants, minerals mined from the ground
A psychologist who has spent the last 50 years studying faces, Paul Ekman is a leading expert on:
Facial analysis and deception
Genetic information is stored in molecules of DNA making up structures called:
Chromosomes
The study of GRAPHOLOGY is:
NOT necessarily accepted as part of forensic science, but it can be used as a possible indicator of the writer's PERSONALITY TYPE
Fibers are classified as either:
Natural fibers or synthetic fibers
The concept of "general acceptance" of scientific evidence relates to the
Frye Standard
Natural plant fibers are produced by:
All of these choices: stems & leaves, fruits, seeds
Until the nineteenth century, only plant and animal fibers were used to make clothing and textiles.
Half the fibers produced today are synthetic.
They are categorized as:
Regenerated fibers and polymers
Within the non-coding sections of DNA, certain short sequences of DNA are repeated:
Multiple times
Criminals can alter or acquire checks in many ways, including:
All of these choices: Ordering someone else's checks from a deposit slip, Directly altering a check, and Intercepting someone's check, altering and cashing it
One of the most important tools of the forensic investigator is the ability to:
Observe, interpret, and report observations clearly
Dual lividity could occur if the body was kept in one position for:
Two hours after death, and then moved before lividity becomes permanent
Fingerprint characteristics are named for their general visual appearance and patterns. These are called:
All of these: Loops, Whorls, Arches
DNA in chromosomes is called:
Nuclear DNA
While looking at the basic fingerprint patterns can quickly help eliminate a suspect, in order to positively match a print to an individual, more is needed.
Every individual, including identical twins, has a unique fingerprint due to UNIQUE RIDGE PATTERNS
Minutiae
Forgeries are documents:
All of these choices: Made, Adapted, and Falsified with the intention of deceiving
The underlying cause of death is called the:
Proximate cause of death
All evidence needs to be properly packaged, sealed, and labeled.
LIQUIDS AND ARSON remains are stored in:
Airtight, unbreakable containers
The Manchester method of facial reconstruction combines tissue depth, _________, and careful observations of the shell
Anatomy
Pooling of blood in the body, known as lividity, provides a clue as to how long the person has been dead.
LIVIDITY FIRST BEGINS ABOUT:
TWO hours after death
The transfer of evidence such as a fiber from a source to a person, then to another person, is called:
Secondary transfer
In 1984, Dr Alec Jeffreys at he Uni of Leicaster observed that DNA from different individuals contains different polymorphisms.
His lab developed a technique for isolating and analyzing these variable areas that is known as:
DNA Fingerprinting, or DNA profiling
Bite marks would be LEAST likely to be found in cases involving :
Arson
Which unit has the responsibility for the examination of body fluids and organs for the presence of drugs and poisons?
Toxicology
The analysis of chromosomes, which was originally developed by geneticists, is known as:
Karyotyping
Liver Mortis means, roughly:
Death Color
Crime scene investigators include:
All of these: Recorders, Sketch Artists, Photographers
The Innocence Project at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law was created by Barry C. Sheck and Peter J Neufeld in 1992.
Its PURPOSE was to reexamine post-conviction cases (Individuals convicted and in prison) using:
DNA Evidence to provide conclusive proof of INNOCENCE
The presence of different BLOOD TYPES was discovered in
1902
A forensic scientist will ask questions about:
All of these choices: Type of Fiber, Fiber Color, and Number of fibers found
PERCEPTION:
All of these choices: Is faulty, Is Not always accurate, Does not reflect reality
If a body shows no visible rigor, it has probably been dead:
LESS than 2 hours, or MORE than 48 hours
Today, blood splatter evidence is used to explain events at:
A VIOLENT scene
Tissue depth markers indicate body fat on a:
Average
Since hair grows out of the skin, chemicals that the skin absorbs can become incorporated into hair. Ingested or absorbed toxins can be detected by chemical analysis of hair.
These ingested or absorbed toxins include:
All of these choices: Arsenic, Lead, Drugs
In 1910, a comprehensive study of hair titled "The Hair of Men and Animals" was published by the French forensic scientists, Victor B and Marcelle L.
This text includes numerous microscopic studies of hair from:
MOST animals
In 1888, Sir Francis Galton, along with Sir E.R. Henry, developed the classification system for fingerprints that is still in use today in:
The United States and Europe
To Take a corpse�s temperature, forensic investigators insert a thermometer into the:
Liver
In the nucleus of most human body cells, there are:
23 pairs of chromosomes
The _______ unit applied principles and techniques of chemistry, physics, and geology to the identification and comparison of crime scene evidence
Physical Science
Investigators recognized the importance of analysis of hair as:
Trace evidence in criminal investigations in the late 1800�s
Eyewitness accounts of crime scene events vary considerably from one person to another.
What you observe depends on your level of:
All of these choices: interest, stress, concentration/amount of distraction
Documents are sometimes chemically treated to make them look
Older
The reason someone dies is called the
Cause of death
The use of comparison microscopes to preform side by side analysis of hair collected from the crime scene and hair from the suspect/victim first occurred in
1934
Each blood type is determined by:
An ANTIBODY reaction test
In 1933, looking out for himself, Winkler turned in evidence on his buddies, and was key to returning some of the loot from the Lincoln Trust Bank robbery.
This did not sit well with his friends, and in 1933 he was:
Gunned down by an UNKNOWN assailant
Which of the following services are provided to law enforcement crime laboratories?
Criminalistics
Fingerprint collection began in 1856 by:
Sir William Herschel
When evaluating eyewitness testimony, the investigator must discriminate between fact and:
Opinion
White blood cells secrete proteins known as:
ANTIBODIES, which assist in the immune response
Pen manufacturers claim the counterfeiting-detecting pen is how effective?
98 Percent
A person who has seen someone or something and can communicate these facts is:
An eyewitness
Who is responsible for developing the MANCHESTER method of facial reconstruction?
Neave
The AMERICAN method was developed by Snow and who?
Gatliff
When false documents or other items are copied for the purpose of deception, it is called:
Counterfeiting
All mammals have hair. Its MAIN purpose is to:
Regulate body temperature to keep the body warm by insulating it
If hair is forcibly removed from a victim, the entire hair FOLLICLE may be present. This is called the:
FOLLICULAR tag
Criminal investigations depend on the observation skills of all involved.
Those involved include:
ALL of these choices: Police, Forensic scientists, Witnesses
Facial differences and additional details such as eye color, skin color, hair color and texture can suggest the sex, ethnic origin, and age of a face.
Who did this statement come from
Enlow
Direct evidence includes:
First hand observations such as eyewitness accounts
Many dyes and other hair treatments will FLUORESCE under a certain color/wavelength of light.
In a FLUORESCCENCE microscope, a beam of light of a certain color is used. If the sample contains particular chemicals, it will absorb some of the light and then
Fluorescence (it literally has the answer in the question twice)
The DNA in chromosomes contains approximately:
3 BILLION base pairs
Animal hair and human hair have several differences including:
All of these: The pattern of pigmentation, The medullary index, The cuticle type
When humans are born, they have about how many hair follicles:
5 Million, only TWO PERCENT of whats on their head
DNA sequences with a high degree of polymorphism are:
MOST useful for DNA analysis
Crime scene reconstruction involves forming a hypothesis of the sequence of events from before the crime was committed, to when?
Through its commission
James Watson and Francis Crick received the 1953 nobel prize for their work on describing the structure of DNA:
A DOUBLE helix that resembles a twisted ladder
A classic 1883 text on forensic science, The Principles and Practice of Medical Jurisprudence by Alfred Swaine Taylor and Thomas Stevenson contains a chapter on using:
HAIR in forensic investigations
What is the LEAST important consideration in the gathering of evidence at a crime scene?
Guilt of the suspect(s)
DNA sequences that have instructions for making a protein molecule that determines our inherited characteristics or traits such as blood type or enzyme production are:
GENES
In 1940, Alexander Weiner, working with Rhesus monkeys, noticed another type of red cell protein.
This red cell protein, called RH factor, is on the red blood cells of:
85 percent of the human population
Hair viewed for forensic investigations is studied both macroscopically and microscopically.
Microscopic characteristics include the:
All of these: Pattern of the medulla, Pigmentation of the cortex, Types of scales on the cuticle
There are over 300 known blood group proteins and over how many protein binding sites?
1,000,000 different protein binding sites on each red blood cell
Hair can adhere to clothes, carpets, and many other surfaces and be transferred to other locations.
This is called:
Secondary transfer
A small molecule that may bond to OTHER monomers to become a polymer is a:
MONOMER
In 1879, the assistant clerk in the records office at the Police Station in Paris created a way to identify criminals.
The system was first used in 1883 to identify a repeat offender.
His name is:
Alphonse BERTILLION
Fingerprint whorl patterns may be a:
All of these choices: Plain whorl, Central Pocket Loop whorl, Double Loop whorl.
The region of hair located outside of the medulla containing granules of pigment is called:
The Cortex
The lacrimal crest and the malar tubercule are terms associated with:
Eyes
In the female skull, orbital margins are
Round
Paul Ekman's early research led to a major discovery that changed how scientists view human expression.
He found that our expressions are:
Biologically programmed
The forensic lab processes all of the evidence the crime scene investigation collected to determine the:
Facts of the case
Beginning in 1896, Sir Edmund Richard Henry, with the help of two colleagues, created a system that divided fingerprint records into groups based on whether they have:
All of these: Arch, Whorl, Loop pattern
This evidence actually proves something:
Probative
Factors affecting rigor include:
All of these: Temperature, Activity before death, Body weight
Fibers that have been spun together are called:
Yarn
Blood typing is less expensive and quicker for analyzing blood evidence than DNA profiling.
Since many different people share the same type, this blood evidence is considered to be:
Class evidence
Forensic odontology refers to the study of:
Teeth
Whether observing at a crime scene or examining collected evidence in the lab, the forensic examiner must be able to:
All of these: Identify, Record, & Determine the significance of the evidence
An elderly woman dies after being kept from receiving proper health care.
The manner of her death would be:
Homicide
Forensic derives from the Latin word "forensis", which means:
Of the FORUM
The total amount of DNA in a cell, which is contained in chromosomes and mitochondria, is called the:
Genome
One seed fiber is:
Cotton
Rigor mortis is:
Temporary
Fiber evidence is gathered with:
All of these: special vacuums, sticky tape, tweezers
Securing the crime scene is the responsibility of the first responding:
Police Officer
The Paroid gland is also known as the:
Salavary
Two things a forensic examiner looks for on a fingerprint are the presence of a core and:
Deltas
Early collection of fibers in an investigation is critical.
Within 24 hours, an estimated:
95% of all fibers may have fallen from a victim or been lost from a crime scene
Forensic science is strictly concerned with uncovering evidence that:
Stands as fact
In western culture, the earliest record of the study of the patterns on human hands comes from:
1684
When a material gain, such as money, accompanies a forgery, it is called:
Fraudulence
Whenever two people come in contact with each other, a physical transfer occurs. To a forensic examiner, these transferred materials constitute what is called:
Trace evidence
In the case of Daubert vs. Dow Chemical Inc., the Supreme Court advocated that a "gatekeeper" determine the admissibility and reliability of scientific evidence.
This gatekeeper is the:
Trial Judge
Two methods that can analyze fibers without damaging them are:
Polarizing light microscopy and infrared spectroscopy
What is the last step in the scientific method that is used by forensics
Formulate a theory
Specialists at a crime scene include:
All of these: entomologists, forensic scientists, forensic psychologists
All plant fibers share the common polymer that is:
Cellulose
The specific change in the body that brought about the cessation of life is called the:
Mechanism of death
When fibers are transferred directly from the victim to the suspect or vice versa, this is called:
Direct transfer
Algor mortis means roughly:
Death HEAT and describes the temperature LOSS in a corpse
When a foreign invader is recognized by the immune system, an attack is launched against the incader.
White blood cells recognize a substance as foreign and try to destroy it,
The foreign invaders may be:
All of these: viruses, bacteria, red blood cell proteins from a person with a different blood type
Was the first to keep records of size, weight, facial and body measurements on the fingerprint cards.
Bertillion
Initial comparisons or documents are done with:
All of these: the naked eye, A hand held lense, microscopes
Not counted as strikes in the states that have adopted the three strikes laws:
Infractions
In 1982, white blood cells were used as a source of DNA by dr Alec Jeffreys to produce the first:
DNA PROFILE
Death stiffness is roughly defined as:
Rigor Mortis
Circumstantial evidence is:
Indirect evidence that can be used to imply a fact, but does not directly prove it
Of the four main human blood types using the ABO system, the largest percentage of the US population is made up of:
Type O
The imprint of a fingerprint consists of natural secretions of the sweat glands that are present:
In the friction ridge of the skin
Fingerprint arches may be:
Plain arches
The immune system functions to protect our bodies by identifying cells or molecules that are foreign, such as:
All of these: viruses, bacteria, parasites
Which specialized area of forensic science examines the relationship between human behavior and legal proceedings?
Forensic psychiatry
Which matter is NOT the province of civil litigation?
The determination of competency to:
Stand trial for burglary
The exchange principle was from who?
Locard
Biological evidence is used in forensics for identification purposes. Biological evidence includes:
All of these: blood, saliva, urine
A crime scene which involved the collapse of a structure would be analyzed by specialists in the area of:
Forensic engineering
The presence or absense of particular proteins, found embedded within a cell or plasma membrane or red blood cells, determines a person's:
Blood type
The cheekbones of the male are:
U-shaped
The goal of a crime scene investigation is to:
All of these: recognize, document, and collect evidence
Who established the first workable crime lab?
Locard
Medical examiners are also called:
Coroners
A and B proteins are found on the surface of some red blood cells, If a persons blood contains both the A and B proteins then he or she has:
Type AB blood
A type of fibrous protein that makes up the majority of the cortex of a hair is:
Keratin
Wear and tear on teeth may help determine lifestyle of an of an individual. This referred to as:
Dentition
Literary forgery refers to the forgery of a:
Piece of writing, such as a historic letter or a manuscript
Except for identical twins, no two people on earth have the same:
DNA
In 1900, Karl Landsteiner found that the blood from one person
Did not always freely mix with blood from another person
When a person has a reason to do the crime
Motive
An interesting aspect of our perception is that we:
Believe what we see and hear, even though our ability to be accurate is flawed
Counterfeiting-detecting pens are inexpensive special pens and markers containing the element:
Iodine