Because each DNA molecule is composed of two strands, DNA is known as a double helix. (T/F)
True
Population genetics is the study of the variation in genes among a group of individuals. (T/F)
True
To calculate the percentage of people who have a particular allele, population studies are conducted to collect data. (T/F)
True
Since DNA is evidence that is capable of identifying a specific person, it is known as trace evidence. (T/F)
False
When the amount of evidence left at a crime scene is very small, it is considered to be individual evidence. (T/F)
False
What is the electronic database of DNA profiles in the U.S.?
CODIS (Combined DNA Index System)
What are the 4 steps of DNA fingerprinting?
1. Extraction
2. Restriction fragments
3. Amplification
4. Electrophoresis
Except for identical twins, no two people on earth have the same:
DNA
What are examples of biological evidence?
Saliva, semen, hair, blood, urine, skin
What are the four DNA base pairs?
Adenine, cytosine, thymine, guanine
List three uses for DNA.
Eliminate suspects, matching DNA from the crime scene, determine maternity, paternity, or relativity, identify human remains, or free falsely imprisoned individuals
Biological evidence is used in forensics for identification purposes biological evidence includes:
Blood, saliva, and urine
The analysis of chromosomes, which was originally developed by geneticists, is known as:
Karyotyping
Genetic information is stored in molecules of DNA making up structures called:
Chromosomes
If you tease apart a human chromosome, you will see that it is made up of:
Two strands of DNA
James Watson and Francis Crick received the 1953 Nobel Prize for their work on describing the structure of DNA�:
A double helix that resembles a twisted ladder
In the nucleus of most human body cells, there are:
23 pairs of chromosomes
DNA in chromosomes is called
nuclear DNA
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene is:
an allele
DNA sequences that have instructions for making a protein molecule that determines our inherited characteristics or traits such as blood type or enzyme production are:
Genes
The total amount of DNA in a cell, which is contained in chromosomes and mitochondrial, is called the human:
Genome
The DNA in chromosomes contains approximately:
3 billion base pairs
In 1984, Dr. Alex Jeffreys at the University of Leicester observed that DNA from different individuals contains different polymorphisms. His laboratory developed a technique for isolating and analyzing these variable areas that is known as:
DNA fingerprinting, or DNA profiling
Within the non-coding sections of DNA, certain short sequences are repeated:
Multiple times
DNA sequences with a high degree of polymorphism are:
Most useful for DNA analysis
Molecular scissors that cut DNA at specific base sequences are called:
Restriction enzymes
The method of separating the molecules within an electric field, based on their size, is called:
Electrophoresis
A molecule labeled with a radioactive isotope, dye or enzyme, that is used to locate a particular sequence or gene on a DNA molecule, is called a:
DNA probe
A method used to rapidly make multiple copies of a specific segment of DNA is called:
PCR: (polymerase chain reaction)
tandem repeats of short DNA sequences (2-5 pairs) with varying numbers of repeats between individuals is called:
STR (short tandem repeats)
What are the complementary pairs of DNA bases?
Adenine-Thymine
Cytosine-Guanine