In western countries the most heavily abused drug is?
Alcohol
What is a factor in determining the rate at which alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream?
The alcohol content of the beverage, the presence of or absence of food in the stomach and the amount consumed
There is a ___________ relationship between the amount of alcohol in the blood and that in the alveolar breath.
Direct
The amount of alcohol absorbed through the stomach wall is _______ the amount of alcohol absorbed through the walls of the small intestine.
Less than
During the weird of absorption the concentration of alcohol in arterial blood is ________ the concentration of alcohol in venous blood.
Greater than
A breath test reflects the alcohol concentration in the?
Pulmonary artery
In a Breathalyzer, silver nitrate:
Acts as a catalyst
In which instrument is alcohol NOT oxidized to acetic acid as part of the operation of the equipment?
Infrared breath testing instrument (bad data master)
Field sobriety tests include:
One leg stand, horizontal gaze nystagmus, divided-attention tasks and walk and turn
To analyze blood for alcohol, forensic labs normally use:
GC
Which of the following countries uses the lowest blood alcohol concentration to determine legal impairment?
Sweden
The DOT set the maximum allowable blood alcohol concentration for commercial truck and bus drivers at;
.04%
The toxicologists capabilities are directly dependent on the input from the:
Police, medical examiner and attending physician
A substance with the pH of 8 is likely to be
Basic
Of the following, which is an acid drug?
Aspirin
Which test is not widely used screening tool in the toxicology lab?
GC-MS
The Reinsch test would NOT be used to detect:
Copper
Carbon monoxide is toxic because it:
Combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin
The presence of high levels of carbon monoxide in the blood of a victim found at the scene of a suspicious fire is proof that the victim
Perished after the fire started
The rate of alcohol absorption on a full stomach is _________ the rate of absorption on an empty stomach.
Less than
The concentration of alcohol is an exhaled breath is in direct proportion to that of the blood of the same individual. The ratio of this relationship is closest to
1:2,000
The DRE program incorporates standardized methods for examining suspects to determine
Whether they are under the influence of one or more drugs
Alcohol is eliminated from the body chemically unchanged in
Perspiration, urine, and breath
Alcohol is oxidized in the body primarily in
The liver
The blood alcohol percent concentration level for being legally "under the influence" in most states is
.08%
A breath test may be used to analyze
Ethyl alcohol
Blood is drawn from a living suspect involved in an automobile accident. If the specimen is kept unrefrigerated and at a moderately warm temperature the alcohol concentration can be expected to
Decrease with time
The elimination or "burn off" rate of alcohol averages ________ percent w/v per hour
.015
The analytical technique widely used for directly measuring the amount of alcohol present in the blood is
Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry
A neutral substance will have a pH close to
7
Field sobriety test that can be employed to ascertain the degree of an individual's alcohol impairment normally include
Horizontal gaze nystagmus, portable, roadside break tester, one leg stand, and walk and turn
In the case of Schmerber v. California blood was categorized as being
Non testimonial evidence
Some great testing devices for alcohol use ________ light to measure the quantity of alcohol trapped in a chamber
Inferred
For the purpose of extracting the drug out of body tissues an amphetamine is classified as a
Basic drug