energy
_____ is the capacity for doing work
chemical; mechanical
burning methane for the purpose of heating water to produce steam in order to drive a turbine is an example of converting _______ energy to ______ energy
ignition
the minimum temperature at which a fuel burns is known as the ____ temperature
pyrolysis
______ is the chemical breakdown of a solid material to gaseous products
glowing combustion
______ is a phenomenon in which a fuel burns without the presence of a flame
increases
the rate of a chemical reaction _____ as the temperature rises
spontaneous combustion
_____ describes a fire caused by a natural heat-producing process
origin
a search of the fire scene must focus on finding the fire's _____
porous
the collection of debris at the origin of a fire should include all _____ materials
airtight
______ containers must be used to package all materials suspected of containing hydrocarbon residues
gas chromatograph
the most sensitive and reliable instrument for detecting and characterizing flammable residues is the _____
pattern
the identity of a volatile petroleum residue is determined by the _____ of its gas chromatogram
cannot
the criminalist ____ identify gasoline residues by brand name
explosion
rapid combustion accompanied by the creation of large volumes of gases describes an _____
low
explosives that decompose at relatively slow rates are classified as ____ explosives
deflagration
the speed at which low explosives decompose is called the speed of _____
potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur
three ingredients of black powder are ____, _____, and _____
high
______ explosives detonate almost instantaneously to produce a smashing or shattering effect
black powder; smokeless powder
the most widely used low explosives are _____ and _____
confined
a low explosive becomes explosive and lethal only when it is _____
primary; secondary
high explosives can be classified as either _____ or _____ explosives
RDX
the most widely used explosive in the military is _____
PETN
the explosive core in detonating cord is ____
Initiating
a high explosive is normally detonated by a ____ explosive contained within a blasting cap
Crater
an obvious characteristic of a high explosive is the presence of a ____ at the origin of the blast
~ Investigators recovered McVeigh's fingerprints from a receipt for 2,000 lbs of ammonium nitrate.
~ there was PETN (a component of detonating cord) residue on the clothing McVeigh wore the day of his arrest
Oklahoma City Bombing
~U.S. and Britain security agencies discovered a plot to destroy 10 planes with about a dozen liquid explosives
~ highlighted a type of liquid explosive based on peroxide.
~ The most comon peroxide explosive is TATP (can be detonator or primary explosive)
Liquid Explosives Case
Airtight Containers
All materials collected at a bombing site must be placed in an ___________ _________________ such as clean paint cans.
Ion Mobility Spectromemeter
A device widely used to screen objects for the presence of explosive residue is the ____________________
unconsumed explosive particles
Debris collected at explosion scenes is examined microscopically for ____________________.
color spot test; thin-layer chromatography; gas chromatography; mass spectometry
Recovered debris may be thoroughly rinsed with organic solvents and analyzed by testing procedures that include __________________, ___________________, _________________, ________________.
Infrared Spectrophotometry
Unconsumed explosives are identified by ___________________________.
Tetryl - Alcoholic KOH
TNT - Alcoholic KOH
Chlorate - Diphenylamin
Nitrocellulose -Diphenylamine
Which color test(s) would you use for each sample?
Tetryl
TNT
Chlorate
Nitrocellulose