Chapter 6 The Language of Medicine

ectesis; ectesia

dilation (dilatation), widening

-emesis

vomiting

-pepsia

digestion

-phagia

eating, swallowing

-plasty

surgical repair

-ptysis

spitting

-rrhage, -rragia

bursting forth (of blood)

-rrhapthy

suture

-rrhea

flow, discharge

-spasm

involuntary contraction of muscles

-stasis

stopping, controlling

-stenosis

narrowing, tightening

-tresia

opening

amylase and lipase tests

tests for the levels of amylase and lipase enzymes in the blood

liver function tests (LFTs)

tests for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in the blood

stool culture

test for microorganisms present in feces

stool guaiac test or Hemoccult test

test to detect occult (hidden) blood in feces

lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema)

x-ray images of the colon and rectum after injection of barium into the rectum

upper gastrointestinal series

x-ray images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine obtained after administering barium by mouth

cholangiography

x-ray examination of the biliary system performed after injection of contrast into the bile ducts

computed tomography (CT)

a series of x-ray images are taken in multiple views (especially cross section)

abdominal ultrasonography

sound waves into the abdomen produce an image of the abdominal viscera

endoscopic ultrasonography

use of an endoscope combined with ultrasound to examine the organs of the GI tract

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

magnetic waves produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body

HIDA scan

radioactive imaging procedure that tracts the production and flow of blue from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine
another name for test = Cholescintigraphy

gastric bypass or bariatric surgery

reducing the size of the stomach and diverting food to the jejunem (gastrojejunostomy)

gastrointestinal endoscopy

visual examination of the GI tract using an endoscope

laparoscopy

visual (endoscopic) examination of the abdomen with a laparoscope inserted through small incisions in the abdomen

liver biopsy

removal of liver tissue for microscopic examination

nasograstric intubation

insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach

paracentesis (abdominocentesis)

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen

AFP

alpha-fetoprotein (tumor marker for liver cancer)

alk phos

alkaline phosphate

ALT, AST

alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase - enzymes measured to evaluate liver function in the blood

BE

barium enema

BM

bowel movement

BRBPR

bright red blood per rectum - hematochezia

CD

celiac disease

CT

computed tomography

EGD

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

ERCP

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

EUS

endoscopic ultrasonography

FOBT

fecal occult blood test

G tube

gastrostomy tube - feeding tube

GB

gallbladder

GERD

gastroesophageal reflux disease

GI

gastrointestinal

HBV

hepatitis B virus

IDB

inflammatory bowel disease

J-tube

jejunostomy tube-feeding tube

LAC

laparascopic-assisted colectomy

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging

NASH

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (fatty liver)

NG tube

nasogastric tube

NPO

nothing by mouth (latin nil per os)

PEG tube

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (feeding tube)

PEJ tube

percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube -feeding tube

PTHC

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography

PUD

peptic ulcer disease

TPN

total parenteral nutrition

T-tube

special tube shaped like a T placed in the bile duct for drainage into a small pouch