Anuria
the absence of urine production
Cast
cylinder shaped elements with flat or rounded ends, differing in composition and size, that form when protein from the breakdown of cells accumulates and precipitates in the kidney tubules and is washed into the urine
Catheterization
the procedure during which a catheter is inserted into a vessel, an organ, or a body cavity
Clean-catch mid-stream urine specimen
requires special cleansing of the external genitalia to avoid contamination by organisms residing near the external opening of the urethra and is used to ID the number and types of pathogens present in urine; also referred to as midvoid
Crystal
naturally produced solid of definite form; commonly seen in urine specimens, especially those permitted to cool
Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
a test to find hidden blood in the stool
First morning urine specimen
a urine specimen that is collected after a night's sleep; contains a greater concentration of substances that collect over time than specimens taken during the day
Glycosuria
the presence of significant levels of glucose in the urine
Hematuria
the presence of blood in the urine
O&P specimen
an ova and parasites specimen/stool sample that is examined for the presence of certain forms as protozoans/parasites, including their eggs
Oliguria
insufficient production/volume of urine
Proteinuria
an excess of protein in the urine
Refractometer
an optical instrument that measures the refraction/bending of light as it passes through a liquid
Supernatant
the liquid portion of a substance from which solids have settled to the bottom, as with a urine specimen after centrifugation
24-hour urine specimen
collected over a 24-hour period and used to complete a quantitative and qualitative analysis of one or more substances, such as sodium, chloride, and calcium
Urinalysis
the physical, chemical, and microscopic evaluation of urine to obtain info about body health and disease
Urinary pH
a measure of the degree of acidity/alkalinity of urine
Urine culture
a lab test in which urine is placed on a growth medium and bacteria are allowed to grow for 24-48hrs. Any large growths of bacteria are then identified
Urine specific gravity
a measure of the concentration or amount (total weight) of substances dissolved in urine
Urobilinogen
a colorless compound formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin in the intestines
Timed urine specimen
measures urinary output and analyzes substances
Residual urine
more than 50 mL is abnormal
Drainage catheters
withdraw fluids
Indwelling urethral (Foley) catheter
drains bladder
Retention catheter
drains renal pelvis
Ureteral catheter
wound drainage (cystostomy tube)
Straight catheter
collect specimens or instills meds
Splinting catheter
remains inserted after surgery
Protein normal value
negative to trace
Specific gravity
1.002-1.028