Rhetorical Criticism
Critics who emphasize audience response
Autotelic artifact
a text exists in its own right as an autonomous object that can be analyzed
Appetencies
I.A. Richards thought humans were bundles of desires
Principles of Literary Criticism
BY I.A. Richards
I.A. Richards
T.S. Eliot's contemporary, proponent of both New Criticism and Reader-oriented Criticism
Louis Rosenblatt
1930's author, professor, smart lady who asserts the text and the reader must work together to create meaning
Transactional experience
The text acts as a stimulus for eliciting various past experiences
Aesthetic transaction
Poem is defined as a result of this experience during the reading process
Efferent reading
Reading to "carry away" knowledge
Aesthetic reading
Read for the experience of the text itself
Literary Experience
An event that occurs when a reader and print transact
Meaning
Reader + text
Structuralism
Looks for specific codes within a text that allow meaning to occur
Gerald Prince
Father of Structuralism
Narratology
The process of analyzing a story using the elements involved in its telling
Naratee
The person to whom the narrator is speaking
Real reader
The person actually reading the book
Virtual reader
The reader to whom the author believes he or she is writing
Ideal reader
The one who explicitly and implicitly understands all the nuances, terminology, and structure of a text
Langue
The overall system of meaning a given society has developed
Phenomenology
A modern philosophical tendency that emphasizes the perceiver. Objects exist only if we register them in our concsiousness
Hans Robert Jauss
German Critic: a text's social history must be considered
Horizon of expectations
Includes all of a historical period's critical vocabulary and assessment of a text
Reception Theory
Readers from any given period will come up with criteria with which to analyze a text
Wolfgang Iser
German phenomenologist
Implied Reader
Wolfgang Iser--perfect reader
Actual Reader
Wolfgang Iser--person who picks up the text
Norman Holland
Subjective Criticism
Identity theme
Norman Holland-The lens through which we see the world
David Bleich
Founder of subjective criticism
Collective meaning
David Bleich--interpretation, how a group takes a text
3 different schools of thought
Structuralism, Phenomenology, Subjective Criticism
Interpretive community
Stanley Fish: group of readers who share the same interpretive strategies
Affective Stylistics
Stanley Fish
Reception Aesthetics
Stanley Fish
Collective meaning
David Bleich
interpretive community
Stanley Fish
efferent reading
reading to take away
aesthetic reading
reading to absorb