The daily rotation of the earth causes the equatorial regions to _____ and the polar regions to ____
Buldge outward, flatten
An active continental margin has
volcanoes, earthquakes, *
be close to an oceanic trench
* near a margin
which of the following is not associated with convergent plate boundaries?
spreading centers
movement of the continents through time has been done by studying
the wandering of the magnetic poles
the thinnest and least voluminous structural layer of earth is the ___
Crust
Seismic waves that bounce off a boundary between two different materials are said to be _____ whereas seismic waves that cross the boundary and are bent are said to be____
reflected......refracted
evidence for the layering of the earth comes from the measurements of
waves generated by earthquakes
how many moons are in the inner solar system?
3
what drives plate tectonics?
mantle convection
new oceanic crust is created at ____
mid ocean ridges
the main type of plate boundaries are?
convergent, divergent, transform
how do we determine absolute direction of plate movement over long periods of time?
by looking at hot-spot tracks
which of the following statements is true about the age of the earth and moon
the earth and moon are approximately the same age
around when was the theory of plate tectonics developed?
1920's
in a deep mine, temperatures increase at the rate of _____
25 C per Kilometer
the so called S-wave shadow is due to
blockage of seismic waves by earth core
oceanic crust is ______ continental crust
thicker than/ more dense
the best evidence for the internal structure of the earth comes from?
seismic waves/ waves generated by earthquakes
TAMU MASSIF" was a name given to what may be the ____
largest volcano on earth
geologists often determine so called "anomalies". which of the following is NOT an anomaly?
distance to the center of the earth
the main types of crust on earth are?
oceanic and continental
we expect NO meteorites to come from?
MARS
which of the following is not one of the giant outer planets?
Pluto
what does the lithosphere =?
crust + upper mantle
which seismic wave will arrive at a seismograph first?
P
Alfred Wageners theory was initially rejected because:
the forces responsible for moving continents was too weak
an island arc forms when there is _______ plate convergence
oceanic-oceanic
which of the following makes up the bulk of earth (by volume)?
mantle
because the earths average density is 5.5 gm/cc, and the surface rock densities range from 2.5 to 3.0 gm/cc (memorize question)
the interior must be far more crustal mass than interior mass
the oceanic crust is made up of which type of rock
basalt
Approximately how fast do the plates move on average per year?
at the rate of a human fingernail growth
temperatures in the solar system generally decrease from the ___?
sun
when a deep sea trench is located next to a continent, where would you expect to find active volcanoes?
on the continent side of the trench
danish geophysisist, Inge Lehman, was the first person to discover
earths solid inner core
the topography of the seafloor usually consists of:
volcanoes, ridges, trenches,vast plains, and plateaus
what two scientists related the positive and negative magnetic bands on the seafloor to seafloor spreading>
vine and mathews
which of the following is a divergent plate boundary? (just know question.... don't have answer bank)
the mid-atlantic ridge
the earths major layers include
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
what caused dust and condensing material to accrete into planetismals
gravitational attraction and collisions
old cold lithosphere is destroyed
in subduction zones
the mohorovicic discontinuity lies at which boundary? (moho)
crust-mantle
which of the following is NOT sitting on a mantle plume?
Ney York.... or Lubbock
the vast majority of earthquakes on earth occurs along
plate boundaries
the geographical curve that describes how temperatures change with depth in the earth is called the____?
geotherm
why are isochrones on the pacific seafloor more widely spaced than isochrones on the atlantic seafloor
the pacific seafloor formed at a faster spreading rate than the atlantic seafloor
how old is the earth said to be?
4.5 billion year
The belt of volcanoes often referred to as the "Ring of Fire" refers to which ocean?
pacific ocean
going along a passive continental margin to the seafloor which is the correct sequence of features
shelf, slope, rise
the so-called "front line" is located between?
uranus and neptune
oceanic crust that records negative magnetic anomalies formed when the earths magnetic field was ______
revised from what it is today
The best (not easiest) place to collect meteorites is _______
antarctica
most meteorites come from the ________ belt
asteroid belt
what is an accepted explanation of the moons origin?
it formed when a mars sized object collided with earth
what is the strongest evidence for the planets having large collisions after they formed?
the tilt of their axes of rotation
reefs are classified into three categories
fringing, barrier, and atoll
how old are the oldest rocks on the ocean floor?
younger than 200 million years old
guyots (former) differ from regular seamounts (latter) in that:
the former have flats tops and the latter have peaks
the best evidence for the internal structure of the earth comes from :
waves generated by earthquakes
the greatest topographical feature (highest or lowest) on earth is
marianas trench
The east coast of north america is what type of boundary?
convergent plate boundary
mid ocean ridges are also referred to as
spreading centers
where is new lithosphere created?
deep sea trenches
if old oceanic crust did not disappear into the deep sea trenches, then over time, the mantle would have to grow _____
thinner
The jovian planets are
Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus
What is the so-called "Wadati-Benioff" zone?
the part of the fracture zone that lies between the ridges and has earthquakes
who has proposed the theory of seafloor spreading?
Harry Hess
The North American plate is bounded by ____, ____, and _____plate boudaries
convergent, divergent, transform
Magnetic reversals of the earths magnetic field are when what happens?
the earths north and south poles flip
what will be the charge of an atom containing 8 protons, 9 neutrons and 9 electrons?
-1
which mineral properties is rare or unique to only a few minerals?
effervessence
which of the following is an example of a transform plate boundary?
san Andreas fault
curiosity is the name of the car sized rover currently roaming around the surface of ____?
mars
what kind of plate boundary defines the eastern edge of the plate we live on here in the US?
transform fault
what is a dominant type of bonding in a mineral?
ionic bonding
what is an example of a cation?
neutron highest, then proton, then electron
isotopes of an element have different numbers of
neutrons
the four inner planets are ____, ____, and ___________
small, rocky, and lacking in volatile elements
which of the following is a divergent plate boundary?
mid- atlantic ridge
at which type of plate boundary do the deepest earthquakes occur? ____ ______ and ______
convergent, divergent, transform
If you started from the eats coast of north america and descended into the atlantic ocean, you would travel along the
shelf then slope then rise
how do we determine the absolute direction of plate movement over long periods of time?
by looking at hot-spot tracks
which of the following subatomic particles has a positive charge?
proton
which of the following planetary bodies is currently not geologically active?
IO (moon of Jupiter)