Match the term or phrase with the best descriptor.
sunspots
refrigerants
variations in Earth's orbit
volcanic eruptions
changes in solar energy
changes in solar energy
Match the term or phrase with the best descriptor.
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
changes in solar energy
volcanic eruptions
variations in Earth's orbit
refrigerants
refrigerants
Match the term or phrase with the best descriptor.
greenhouse effect
- oil and natural gas
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- voluntary international accord to limit greenhouse gas emissions
- process that influences the temperature of Earth's
process that influences the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere
Match the term or phrase with the best descriptor.
IPCC
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- study of ancient climates
- voluntary international accord to limit greenhouse gas emissions
- oil and natural gas
- model of heat exchange for Earth and
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Match the term or phrase with the best descriptor.
paleoclimatology
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- voluntary international accord to limit greenhouse gas emissions
- study of ancient climates
- oil and natural gas
- model of heat exchange f
study of ancient climates
All of the following are parts of Earth's climate system except the:
atmosphere.
exosphere.
geosphere.
hydrosphere.
biosphere.
exosphere.
An increase in cloud cover and a corresponding decrease in absorption of solar radiation is an example of a:
negative-feedback loop.
neutral feedback loop.
positive-feedback loop.
All of the above are correct.
None of the above is correct.
negative-feedback loop.
The Earth's climate system involves the exchange of heat and water among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, biosphere, and cryosphere.
True
False
True
A decrease in cloud cover due to a higher moisture content in the atmosphere is an example of a positive-feedback loop.
True
False
False
Using proxy data, scientists have compiled a detailed record of Earth's climate over the recent geologic past. This science is called _________.
palynology
paleometeorology
paleoceanography
paleoclimatology
paleontology
paleoclimatology
The fourth IPCC Report of 2007 concluded that _________.
sea ice is thickening in both Arctic and Antarctic waters
there is no strong evidence that human activity is responsible for climate change
sea level will rise by three meters by the end of this cen
climate change models can mimic present-day conditions only if human emissions are taken into account
Variations in Earth's orbit that influence long-term climate changes include:
the wobbling of Earth's axis of rotation (precession).
the shape of Earth's orbit (eccentricity).
the tilt of Earth's axis of rotation (obliquity).
All of the above are correct.
All of the above are correct.
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. anthropogenic CO2 inputs
B. changes in solar input
C. tectonic plate movement
D. variation in
A. anthropogenic CO2 inputs
There is a significant positive correlation between sunspot activity and recent changes in mean global temperature.
True
False
False
Volcanic eruptions have no impact on global climate patterns, they only affect local climate.
True
False
False
The fourth IPCC report on international climate change (2007) confirmed that human activity has produced climate change beginning in the mid-20th century.
True
False
True
Of the following atmospheric gases, only _________ is an important greenhouse gas.
hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
oxygen (O2)
water vapor (H2O)
nitrogen (N2)
argon (Ar)
water vapor (H2O)
The atmospheric component that naturally contributes to the majority of greenhouse warming on Earth is:
nitrous oxide.
ozone.
carbon dioxide.
methane.
water vapor.
water vapor.
Which of the following atmospheric constituents has the greatest ability to absorb heat on a per-mole basis?
ozone (O3)
methane (CH4)
water vapor (H2O)
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
carbon dioxide
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Since 1750, the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere has increased by almost:
10%.
20%.
30%.
40%.
50%.
30%.
Domestic cattle production and rice agriculture release relatively large amounts of which gas into the atmosphere?
methane (CH4)
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
carbon dioxide (CO2)
water vapor (H2O)
ozone (O3)
methane (CH4)
Over the past 30 years, Earth's average surface temperature has risen by:
0.1�C.
0.6�C.
2.0�C.
2.6�C.
4.0�C.
0.6�C.
Greenhouse gases are compounds in the Earth's atmosphere that dissipate heat.
True
False
False
Carbon dioxide (CO2) has the greatest relative contribution to increasing the greenhouse effect compared to other anthropogenically produced greenhouse gases.
True
False
True
The concentration of methane (natural gas) exhibits the greatest current rate of increase compared to other greenhouse gases.
True
False
True
If all greenhouse gas emissions by humans were reduced to zero, the Earth is still projected to keep warming for the foreseeable future.
True
False
True
Climate models and observations to date indicate that the oceans will warm the most in _________.
equatorial waters
mid-latitude areas
the deep ocean
all areas equally
high-latitude areas
high-latitude areas
The zone ocean where sound can travel extremely long distances is called the:
SOFAR channel.
surface mix layer.
thermocline.
pycnocline.
SONAR channel.
SONAR channel.
Recent worldwide sea level rise can be attributed to all of the following except the:
melting of Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets.
geological uplifting of ocean basins.
melting of land-based glaciers and mountain ice caps.
thermal expansion of surface o
geological uplifting of ocean basins.
Hazards associated with sea level rise include all of the following except:
increasing damage from storms.
accelerated coastal erosion.
permanent inland flooding.
drowning of beaches.
All of the above are correct.
All of the above are correct.
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. Antarctic and Greenland ice sheet melting
B. deep ocean water thermal expansion
C. melting of
E. tectonic uplifting
Sea surface temperatures have remained unchanged during the past 50 years.
True
False
False
The oceans have absorbed the majority of the increased heat in the atmosphere.
True
False
True
Melting ice on land and thermal expansion of water are two of the most important factors causing sea level rise.
True
False
True
The oceans' "biological pump" _________.
-is an area of downwelling in the far north Atlantic where carbon dioxide is carried down to the deep current system
- takes carbon from the photic zone and stores it in deep ocean water and seafloor sediments
- is
takes carbon from the photic zone and stores it in deep ocean water and seafloor sediments
The world's oceans play a role in reducing global warming by:
- removing CO2 and sequestering CO2 above the thermocline.
- trapping CO2 in sea ice.
- moving carbon dioxide and nutrients from the deep ocean to the surface ocean.
- increasing oceanic primar
absorbing surplus heat energy.
Concerned individuals can reduce their personal contribution to greenhouse gas emissions by doing all of the following except:
- reducing the area covered by pavement or structures (houses, garages, pools, decks, etc) in urban and suburban areas.
- use of
reducing the area covered by pavement or structures (houses, garages, pools, decks, etc) in urban and suburban areas.
Of the following, which are examples of climate feedback loops?(5)
the shading effect from air pollution
the addition of water vapor into the atmosphere
the role of clouds at different altitudes
heat uptake by the oceans
the presence of fine atmospheric p
all
Of the following natural factors, which have caused past climate changes on Earth? (4)
volcanic eruptions
the amount of marine life in the oceans
variations in Earth's orbit
changes in solar energy
the movement of Earth's tectonic plates
all exept marine life in oceans
What are the main factors that contribute to the documented global rise in sea level? (2)
- higher amounts of evaporation
- the melting of floating sea ice (such as in the Arctic Ocean) or floating ice shelves (such as those that fringe Antarctica)
- more
thermal expansion
increase in amount of water
Of the following statements about the greenhouse effect and global warming, which is/are true? (4)
- The greenhouse effect began about 200 years ago as a result of human-related activities.
- Global warming will likely cause the oceans to boil away on Ear
Not the greenhouse effect
NOT boil away to earth
Global engineering (geoengineering) proposals to reduce Earth's greenhouse effect include(2)
moving to another planet and starting over.
removing human-caused greenhouse gases from the atmosphere and disposing of them somewhere else.
releasing gas-eating
reducing the amount of sunlight
removing human-caused