Intensity
is a measure of an earthquake's effect on people and buildings
Body Waves
are seismic waves that travel through the Earth's interior, spreading out from the focus in all directions
Focus
Rupture begins at the _____ and then spreads rapidly along the fault plane
Increases
The time interval between the first arrival of P-waves and the first arrival of S-waves ____ with distance from the focus of an earthquake
Fires
Perhaps 90 percent of the destruction in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake was caused by ____
Collapse of minerals
One suggested cause of deep focus earthquakes is ____ into denser forms
travel-time curve
A ____ plots seismic-wave arrival time against distance
Tsunami
A(n) _______ is a seismic sea wave.
S
-waves are the slowest body waves.
Focus
The point within the earth where seismic waves first originate is the ___
Rayleigh
___ waves tend to be incredibly destructive to buildings because they produce much ground movement and take a long time to pass.
Crust is cool and brittle
Although large earthquakes are rare in the central and eastern United States, when they do occur they tend to be very destructive because ____
XII
On the modified Mercalli intensity scale the maximum value is ____
Surface Waves
___ produce most of the damage to buildings during earthquakes
Moment magnitude
Richter scale values above 7 are not accurate. The ______ scale is a more objective method of measuring the energy of a large earthquake
Intensity
_____ maps are useful for assessing how different areas respond to seismic waves and provide valuable information for earthquake planning
Seismogram
The paper record of an earthquake is a ___
3
___ stations are the minimum needed to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter
convergent plate boundaries only
Medium and deep focus earthquakes occur along _________
800 km/hr
Tsunami waves may move faster than ___
Solid Rock
Both P-waves and S-waves can pass through ___
670 km
Deep focus earthquakes occur at a maximum depth of _____
Tsunamis
The greatest loss of life in the 1964 southern Alaska earthquake was from ______
Seismic
____ are the waves of energy produced by an earthquake
Shallow
___ focus earthquakes are the most common.
Liquefaction
_____ can occur when water-saturated soil turns from a solid to a liquid as a result of an earthquake.
Surface Waves
___ are earthquake waves that cause the most property damage.
Tsunamis
Which of the following is not used to aid in earthquake prediction
San Andres Fault in Cali
The ______ is the most famous example of a right lateral transform fault.
P Wave
A _____ is the first wave to arrive at a recording station following an earthquake
Brittle Behavior
Faulting and earthquakes are examples of ______
Volcanism
The effects of ground motion caused by an earthquake do not include ___
Strain
In the elastic rebound theory, earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of progressively stored _____ in rocks.
Circumpacific Belt
The most important concentration of earthquakes by far is _____
Richter
For most of the 20th century earthquake magnitude was reported on the _______ scale, a scale that has never exceeded a magnitude 8.6.
All of above
_____ would be associated with Benioff zones.
Intraplane
____ earthquakes probably occur along older faults that are no longer at plate boundaries, for example the New Madrid Missouri earthquakes of 1811-1812
New Madrid, Missouri
A series of earthquakes that occurred near _____ in 1811-1812 were the most widely felt earthquakes to occur in recorded history
Ductile
Deep rocks behave as _____ material under stress rather than breaking
Igneous Rocks
Earthquake waves propagate most rapidly through ___________