Particles of sediment from 1/16 to 2 millimeters in diameter are of what size?
a-gravel
b-sand
c-silt
d-clay
b-sand
Rounding is
a-the rounding of a grain to a spherical shape
b-The grinding away of sharp edges and corners of rock fragments during transportation.
c-a type of mineral
d-none of the preceeding
b-The grinding away of sharp edges and corners of rock fragments during transportation.
Compaction and cementation are two common processes of?
a-erosion
b-transportation
c-depostion
d-lithification
d-lithification
Which is not a chemical or organic sedimenarty rock?
a-rock salt
b-shale
c-limestone
d-gypsum
b-Shale
The major difference between breccia and conglomerate is
a-size of grains
b-rounding of the grains
c-composition of grains
d-all of the preceeding
b-the rounding of the grains
Which is not a type of sandstone?
a-quartz sandstone
b-arkose
c-graywacke
d-coal
d-coal
Shale differs from mudstone in that
a-shale has larger grains
b-shale is visibly layered and fissile; mudstone is massive and blocky
c-shale has smaller grains
d-there is no difference between shale and mudstone
b-shale is visibly layered and fissle; mudstone is massive and blocky
The chemical element found in dolomite not found in limestone is
a-Ca
b-Mg
c-C
d-O
e-Al
b-Mg
In a graded bed, the particle size
a-decreases upward
b-decreases downward
c-increases in the direction of the current
d-stays the same
a-decreases upward
A body or rock of considerable thickness with characteristics that distinguish it from adjacent rock units is called a/an
a-formation
b-contact
c-bedding plane
d-outcrop
a-formation
If sea level drops or the land rises, what is likely to occur?
a-a flood
b-a regression
c-a transgression
d-no geologice change will take place
b-a regression
Thick accumulations of graywacke and volcanic sediments can indicate an ancient
a-divergent plate boundry
b-convergent boundry
c-transform boundry
b-convergent boundry
A sedimentary rock made of fragments of preexisting rocks is
a-organic
b-chemical
c-clastic
c-clastic
Clues to the nature of the source area of sediment can be found in
a-the composition of the sediment
b-sedimentary structures
c-ronding of sediment
d-all of the preceding
a-the composition of the sediment
Which is not regarded as a low-grade metamorphic rock?
a-greenschist
b-phyllite
c-slate
d-gneiss
d-gneiss
Shearing is a type of
a-compressive stress
b-confining pressure
c-lithostatic pressure
d-differential stress
d-differential stress
Metamorphic rocks with a planar texture (the constituents of the rock are parallel to one another) are said to be
a-concordant
b-foliated
c-discordant
d-nonfoliated
b-foliated
Metamorphic rocks are classified primarily on
a-texture-the presence or absense of foliation
b-mineralogy-the presence or absence of quartz
c-environment of deposition
d-chemical composition
a-texture-the presence or absense of foliation
Which is not a foliated metamorphic rock?
a-gneiss
b-schist
c-quartzite
d-slate
c-quartzite
Limestone recrystallizes during metamorphism into
a-hornfels
b-marble
c-quartzite
d-schist
b-marble
Quartz sandstone is changed during metamorphism into
a-hornfels
b-marble
c-quartzite
d-schist
c-quartzite
The correct sequence of rocks that are formed when shale undergoes prograde metamorphism is
a-slate, gneiss, schist, phyllite
b-phyllite, slate, schist, gneiss
c-slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss
d-schist, phyllite, slate, gneiss
c-slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss
The major difference between metamorphism and metasomatism is
a-temperature at which each takes place
b-the minerals involved
c-the area or region involved
d-metasomatism is metamorphism coupled with the introduction of ions from an external source
d-metasomatism is metamorphism coupled with the introduction of ions from an external source
Ore bodies at divergent plate boundaries can be created through
a-contact metamorphism
b-regional metamorphism
c-hydrothermal processes
c-hydrothermal processes
A schist that developed in a high-pressure, low-temperature environment likely formed
a-in the lower part of the continental crust
b-in a subdution zone
c-in a mid-oceanic ridge
d-near a contact with a magma body
a-in the lower part of the continental crust
A metamorphic rock that has undergone partial melting to produce a mixed igneous-metamorphic rock is a
a-gneiss
b-hornfels
c-schist
d-migmatite
d-migmatite
What is the slowest type of mass wasting process?
a-debris flow
b-rockslide
c-creep
d-rockfall
e-avalanche
c-creep
The largest landslide has taken place
a-on the sea floor
b-in the Andes
c-on active volcanoes
d-in the Himalaya
a-on the sea floor
A descending mass moving downslope as a viscous fluid is referred to as a
a-fall
b-landslide
c-flow
d-slide
c-flow
The driving force behind all mass wasting processes is
a-gravity
b-slope angle
c-type of bedrock material
d-presence of water
e-vegetation
a-gravity
The resistance to movement or deformation of soil is its
a-mass
b-shear strength
c-shear force
d-density
b-shear strength
Flow of water-saturated soil over impermeable material is called
a-solifluction
b-flow
c-slide
d-fall
a-solifluction
A flowing mixture of soil and water, usually moving down a channel, is called a
a-mudflow
b-slide
c-fall
d-earthflow
a-mudflow
An apron of fallen rock fragments that accumulates at the base of a cliff is called
a-bedrock
b-sediment
c-soil
d-talus
d-talus
How does construcion destabilize a slope?
a-adds weight to the top of the slope
b-decreases water content of the slope
c-add weight to the bottom of the slope
d-increases the shear strength of the slope
a-adds weight to the top of the slope
How can landslides be prevented during construction? (choose all that apply)
a-retaining walls
b-cut steeper slopes
c-install water drainage systems
d-add vegetation
a-retaining walls
b-cut steeper slopes
c-install water drainage systems
The total area drained by a stream and its tributaries is called the
a-hydrologic cycle
b-tributary area
c-divide
d-drainage basin
d-drainage basin
Stream erosion and deposition are controlled primarily by a river's
a-velocity
b-discharge
c-gradient
d-channel shape
e-channel roughness
a-velocity
What is the gradient of a stream that drops 10 vertical feet over a 2-mile horizontal distance?
a-20 feet per mile
b-10 feet per mile
c-5 feet per mile
d-2 feet per mile
c-5 feet per mile
What are typical units of discharge?
a-miles per hour
b-cubic meters
c-cubic feet per second
d-meters per second
c-cubic feet per second
Hydraulic action, solution, and abrasion are all examples of stream
a-erosion
b-transportation
c-deposition
a-erosion
Cobbles are more likely to be transported in a stream's
a-bed load
b-suspended load
c-dissolved load
d-all of the preceding
a-bed load
A river's velocity is ______ on the outside of a meander curve compared to the inside.
a-higher
b-equal
c-lower
a-higher
Sandbars deposited on the inside of meander curves are called
a-dunes
b-point bars
c-cutbanks
d-none of the preceding
b-point bars
Which is not a drainage pattern?
a-dendritic
b-radial
c-rectangular
d-trellis
e-none of the proceding
e-none of the proceding
The board strip of land built up by sedimentation on either side of a stream channel is
a-a flood plain
b-a delta
c-an alluvial
d-a meander
a-a flood plain
The average time between floods of a given size is
a-the discharge
b-the gradient
c-the recurrence interval
d-the magnitude
c-the recurrence interval
A platform of sediment formed where a stream flows into standing water is
a-an alluvial fan
b-a delta
c-a meander
d-a flood plain
b-a delta
Porosity is
a-the percentage of a rock's volume that is openings
b-the capacity of a rock to transmit a fluid
c-the ability of a sediment to retard water
d-none of the preceding
a-the percentage of a rock's volume that is openings
Permeability is
a-the percentage of a rock's volume that is openings
b-the capacity of a rock to transmit a fluid
c-the ability of a sediment to retard water
d-none of the preceding
b-the capacity of a rock to transmit a fluid
The subsurface zone in which all rock openings are filled with water is called the
a-saturated zone
b-water table
c-unsaturated zone
d-aquiclude
a-saturated zone
An aquifer is
a-a body of saturated rock or sediment through which water can move easily
b-a body of rock that retards the flow of groundwater
c-a body of rock that is impermeable
a-a body of saturated rock or sediment through which water can move easily
Which rock type would make the best aquifer
a-shale
b-mudstone
c-sandstone
d-all of the preceding
c-sandstone
Which of the following determines how quickly groundwater flows?
a-elevation
b-water pressure
c-permeability
d-all of the preceding
d-all of the preceding
Groundwater flows
a-always downhill
b-from areas of high hydraulic head to low hydraulic head
c-from high elevation to low evelation
d-from high permeability to low permeablility
b-from areas of high hydraulic head to low hydraulic head
The drop in the water table around a pumped well is the
a-drawdown
b-hydraulic head
c-porosity
d-fluid potential
a-drawdown