Rising and falling of air over large areas is most properly known as ________ and ________.
ascent, subsidence
In the Northern Hemisphere, air converging in a counterclockwise direction, is termed a(n) ________.
cyclone
Circulation in the troposphere is mainly a(n) ________ system.
closed
Sea breezes rarely penetrate more than ________ kilometers inland
30
Which of the following is TRUE concerning the surface westerlies?
cause weather to move from east to west
In which situation would Coriolis effect be GREATEST?
high wind speeds, high latitude
The jet stream of the midlatitudes can usually be found at elevations ranging from ________ kilometers.
9 to 12
Which of the following is associated with the wind moving directly from high pressure to low pressure?
none of the above
The pressure of a gas is proportional to its density and ________.
temperature
The phenomenon most directly responsible for the seasonally moist climate of northern Australia is
monsoon.
________ and ________ both occur at night.
Mountain breezes, land breezes
This part of the global circulation is characterized by rising air, widespread cloudiness, precipitation, and migratory storms.
intertropical convergence
Africa's most prominent monsoon circulation can be found in the ________ part of the continent.
western
The poles are most closely associated with ________.
high pressure
A wet monsoon is associated with high rainfall totals and is caused by ________.
a seasonal reversal of winds
A north wind
is blowing to the south.
La Ni�a
is the opposite of El Ni�o.
The region in which the intertropical convergence can be found is ________.
the Equator
Which of the following occurs closest to the Equator?
doldrums
The polar front and subtropical jet streams are both high-altitude flows which circulate ________.
from west to east
A counterclockwise atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere is known as a/an ________.
cyclone
The major global wind and pressure systems
shift with the seasons
A regular mile an hour is 5,280 feet per hour. A knot is
slightly slower than a regular mile per hour.
At sea level, the atmosphere exerts a force closest to ________ kilograms per square centimeter.
1
El Ni�o received its name because of its association with ________.
Christmas
A large scale vertical downward motion in the atmosphere is a ________.
subsidence
Trade winds are found ________.
between 25� north and south of the Equator
Above the influence of friction, most winds follow a ________ course.
geostrophic
Modern wind farms started appearing on the American landscape in the ________.
1970s
When surface cold air pushes far equatorward and warm air pushes far poleward ________.
the Rossby waves have great amplitude
The leeward slope of a hill or mountain blocking precipitation is called the ________.
rain shadow
The most conspicuous difference between winter and summer precipitation totals is found in
southern and eastern Asia
In the atmosphere, some liquid water exists until the temperature lowers below ________
-40
The saturated adiabatic lapse rate is a lesser lapse rate than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. This is because ________.
latent heat is being released
A precipitation type extremely characteristic of the lower latitudes is ________.
convergent lifting
Conditional instability is when the lapse rate of an air parcel is ________.
between the wet and dry adiabatic lapse rate
One cause of global dimming is ________.
human release of aerosols
Liquid water that has cooled below the dew point becomes ________.
foggy
Buoyant air will rise until it ________.
reaches the temperature of the surrounding air
Clouds of vertical development include ________.
cumulonimbus
The term used in the United States for small raindrops that freeze while falling toward the surface is ________.
sleet
When air is heated enough so that it is warmer than the surrounding air, it is ________.
unstable
Concerning acid rain, which fact is false?
It seems to be equally serious everywhere in the U.S.
The rainiest portion of South America is the ________.
north coast
Grams per cubic meter would be the measurement units used to describe
absolute humidity
Water is unique because no other substance occurs in
all three forms in the atmosphere
GOES imagery has the characteristic of
being taken from fixed points
The altitude at which rising air reaches the dew point temperature is the ________.
lifting condensation level
Most of the wettest areas around the world are located in the ________.
tropics
Downwind of large mountain ranges there is less precipitation; this drier zone is called the ________.
rain shadow
Which of the following occurs least over North America?
maritime polar air from the North Atlantic
The relative humidity would be ________ percent if the actual water vapor in the air was 10 grams per cubic meter, the air's capacity to hold water vapor was 20 grams per cubic meter, and the dew point temperature was 20 degrees Celsius.
50
The hydrologic cycle refers to the ________.
unending circulation of Earth's water supply
Air containing all of the water vapor it can hold is ________.
saturated
Which of the following is most closely associated with midlatitude cyclones
meridional flow in the upper westerlies
Among cloud types, those that occur at the highest altitudes are the ________.
cirrus
Air near the Pacific Coast of the United States is usually more ________ than air over the Gulf Coast of the United States thus preventing hurricanes.
all of the above
The rising and subsequent cooling of air at the rate of 10�C per 1,000 meters is called ________.
the dry adiabatic lapse rate
On a NEXRAD computer screen, indications of strong winds flowing towards the radar adjacent to strong winds flowing away from the radar is evidence of a(n) ________ within a thunderstorm
downdraft
As a middle latitude cyclone goes through its life cycle, the warm sector
gets smaller
Hurricane destruction to land coastlines is made worse when this featurenot prominent in all hurricanesis present: ________.
the eye wall
Concerning midlatitude anticyclones, which of the following is FALSE
They contain air mass conflict
Which type of front typically produces the fastest rise of air
cold
Which of the following rarely affects North America?
equatorial
Extratropical cyclones and anticyclones function as migratory perturbations in the ________.
westerlies
In and near eastern Asia, the place of origin for tropical cyclones is ________.
east of the Philippines
The average directional movement of hurricanes is ________.
east to west
The global westerly wind zone most heavily impacts the ________ latitudes
middle
The movement of middle latitude cyclones is determined by the jet stream and ________.
Rossby waves
The largest and strongest tropical cyclones are associated with the ________.
Pacific Ocean near Hawaii
Which of the following is NOT a climate type found in South America?
D
Which of the following average annual precipitation totals is CLOSEST to that expected in an icecap climate?
< 25 cm
In an Af climate, what time of day is precipitation most likely
at mid-afternoon
At its equatorward margin the ________ climate is bounded by the 0� Celsius isotherm of average annual temperature.
ET
The ________ climatic type has, by far, the smallest annual temperature range of any climatic type
Af
The main reason for the occurrence of subtropical deserts around the world is ________.
locations of anticyclones
desert would be the obvious zone of origin of a ________ air mass.
cT
The climatic type for the desert areas is ________.
BW
Of the list below, the coldest air is bound to be associated with a/an ________ air mass.
cP
Throughout the ET climates, ________ is/are very prevalent
radiation fogs
Geostrophic wind always flows ________.
parallel to the isobars
Most of the broad-scale air-movements that comprise the general circulation are ________.
horizontal
Sinking air that diverges when it reaches Earth's surface is closely associated with ________.
anticyclones
Tornadoes, although erratic in their pathways, are always characterized by ________ pressure.
low
The average directional movement of tornadoes is ________.
southwest to northeast
Thunderstorms accompany ________.
all of the above
Wind speed may be roughly indicated by ________.
spacing of isobars on a weather map
Of those below, the coldest, driest ones are termed ________.
continental polar
The "trigger" of ENSO is
unknown
You are standing on a shoreline with the ocean to your west. The wind is traveling from west to east. The wind would be called
onshore.
The midlatitude steppe fits into the K�ppen classification as ________.
BSk
Global dimming might now be DECREASING because of the lessening of ________ in the atmosphere.
aerosols
Which of the following promotes evaporation
all of the above
The Cs climatic type is usually located on the ________ part of the continents
west
In the United States, fog occurs LEAST often in the ________ states
Southwestern
The lowercase letter symbolizing "moist, with no dry season" in the K�ppen classification system is ________.
f
Cold air moving over a warmer lake surface will result in a(n) ________ type of fog
advection
The most common and widespread form of precipitation is
rain.
Which of the following would be a common diameter for a tornado funnel
500 meters
Which of the following is the least likely zone of formation for a large air mass?
under an oceanic subtropical high
At any moment, approximately ________ lightning storms are occurring around the world
2000
The text makes frequent use of ________ which are charts showing average monthly temperatures and precipitation amounts.
climographs
A climograph
can be used to classify climate
In what year did K�ppen first publish his classification system
1918
City A has an air pressure of 1,000 millibars. City B has an air pressure of 1004 millibars. The distance between the two cities is 100 kilometers. The difference of 4 millibars over 100 kilometers is known as
the pressure gradient
An Earth surface pressure of pressure of 1,005 millibars is associated with ________.
any of the above, depending upon conditions
The capacity of air to hold water
increases as temperature increases
Another designation for the mediterranean climate is ________.
dry summer subtropical
The Enhanced Fujita Scale was adopted in 2007. It is based on estimates of 3-second gusts of wind as estimated by
tornado damage.
The world's highest recorded temperature was in Libya and closest to ________ degrees Celsius.
58
To the Greeks, their land fell within the ________ zone in their early classification of climate.
temperate
In the upper troposphere, where is the region of easterly winds
at 30-50� from the Equator
The desire to simplify, organize, and generalize the vast array of climatic data into a comprehensible system that helps us understand the distribution of climates over Earth leads to ________.
classification
In terms of the lower part of the troposphere, more than ________ percent of all water vapor is found within 1.6 kilometers (1 mile) of the Earth's surface.
114)
50
The beginning of a middle latitude cyclone is known as ________.
cyclogenesis
The world record for greatest precipitation received in a single year is on the order of ________ centimeters.
2,600
In tropical regions the "winter" season is merely the ________ period
low Sun
The K�ppen system of climate classification is based on ________.
temperature and precipitation
Deserts are arid; steppes are ________.
semiarid
In the BS climatic types the "S" stands for ________.
steppe