Micro Exam #1- Pro vs. Eukaryotes

have membrane closed organelles and histone proteins wrapped by DNA to form nucleosomes
-cytoskeleton to give the cell structure and transport material

Eukaryotes

protein and lipid modification is executed by the ER and golgi
-mitochondria generate energy

Eukaryotes

used by eukaryotes and prokaryotes for motility but they differ in structure and functionality between the two groups

flagella

use cell membrane and cytoplasmic reticulum for energy generation and ATP production

prokaryotes

do not have subcellular compartments or membrane-enclosed organelles (nuclei, mitochondria, ER, or golgi)

prokaryotes

DNA in this cell is bound by simple proteins called nucleoid-associated proteins
**when these bind with DNA they form nucleoids

prokaryotes

both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have this to maintain rigidity and help maintain water balance

cell wall

is the science of classifying and arranging related organisms into logical categories
-Processes include: characterizing, identifying, organizing, and naming organisms into groups, in a scientific manner

taxonomy

Gives Scientific Names to Organisms

nomenclature

each organism is given 2 names ________ and _________, this makes up the _________ system

genus and species
binomial

Levels of Taxonomy

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (subspecies- strains)

has an unique set of genetic/behavioral/phenotypic characteristics, that serves as taxonomic and diagnostic targets
-includes a few species that carry the characteristics (stated above). Yet, minor differences between various species are the reason why th

genus

most basic taxonomic group
-Some may have a few strains with minor differences between various strains.
****For example: Normal flora E. coli vs O157 E. coli are two different strains, but in same _______ and genus

species

rules of binomial nomenclature

1. Genus Species
(both should be either underlined of italicized)
2. Genus name can either be fully written and capitalized or first letter Capitalized
3. species name always needs to be fully spelled and not capitalized

Within the established infection site, prokaryotes (such as bacteria) form a community in which the organisms communicate and network among each other.

biofilms

commonly seen in the "mixed" infections occurred to catheters or IV shunts or gingivitis or bacterial vaginosis infections.
-Pili and capsules are the common bacterial structures seen in these

biofilms

Grouping of "same" cells also form a biofilm in which cell network continues to occur
-Communication between the same species of bacterial cells can lead to single agent infection (such as lung infection by tuberculosis).

single species biofilm