Eukaryote
animal cell
Prokaryote
bacterial cell
What structures do eukaryotes and prokaryotes have in common?
- Cytoplasm
- Plasma membrane
- Ribosomes
Plasma membrane
- composed of lipid and protein molecules that form a thin, hydrophobic layer
- Free passage of inorganic ions and most charged or polar compounds
What do eukaryote cells have that prokaryotes do not?
Nucleus containing DNA & membrane bound organelles
What does a prokaryote cell have that a eukaryote cell does not have?
Nucleoid
Which three large groups do organisms fall into?
Bacteria, archaea, or eukaryote
Two broad categories based on energy source
Phototrophs or chemotrophs
Phototrophs
Trap and use sunlight
Chemotrophs
Derive their energy from the oxidation of a chemical fuel
Ribosomes
- place where protein synthesis occurs
- attached to the rough ER
Peroxisomes
Hang out in the cytoplasm oxidizing fatty acids and acting as a detoxifier
Cytoskeleton
Supports the cell and aids in movement of organelles
Lysosome
Filled with digestive enzymes to degrade unneeded cellular debris
Golgi
Processes, packages, and targets proteins to other organelles or for export
Smooth ER
Site of lipid synthesis and drug metabolism, detoxification, and storage of calcium in muscle cell
Nucleus
Contains the genes (chromatin)
Rough ER
Site of protein synthesis
Mitochondria
- Oxidizes fuels to produce ATP
- Site of the most of the energy extracting reactions of the cell
What happens once a protein leaves the golgi?
- Protein will become integral protein of plasma membrane
- Formation lysosomes, filled with hydrolytic proteins
- Exocytosed out of the cell
Cytoskeleton
- Contains protein filaments that interlock, forming three-dimensional meshwork inside cytoplasm
- Contains microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments
- Aids in cell shape, intracellular organization, intracellular transport paths, and cell
Is carbon flexible?
Yes, it can make many bonds. Single, double, and triple
Which carbon bonds can freely rotate?
Carbon single bonds. Double bonds cannot rotate because they are shorter in length
Is a triple bond weaker or stronger than a double bond?
Stronger
What is the HONC rule?
- Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and oxygen
- makes up 96% of the body
Stereoisomers
Same chemical formula but different physical properties