civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army
Militia
War fought between France (and Indian allies) and Britain (and Indian allies) over land in the Ohio River Valley; 1754-1763; Britain wins
French and Indian War
Young militia officer from Virginia who warned the French to leave their forts in the Ohio River Valley; fought against the French in the French and Indian War
George Washington
Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 to unite the 13 colonies; the plan was turned down by the colonies
Albany Plan of Union
people who are killed, wounded, captured, or missing in a battle or war
casualties
Signed in 1763, this ended the French and Indian War; Britain gained Canada and all French lands east of the Mississippi River to the Appalachian Mts, as well as Spanish Florida
Treaty of Paris
the hilly, forested region that ran along the Appalachian Mountains from PA to GA
backcountry
people who are the first to settle in a region
pioneers
Led by Chief Pontiac of the Ottawa tribe, Native tribes fought back against British colonists moving onto their lands in the Ohio River Valley; 1763
Pontiac's Rebellion
Issued by King George III, this forbade (did not allow) British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.
Proclamation of 1763
A law passed by Parliament in 1764 that placed "duties" on imported sugar and molasses
The Sugar Act
taxes on imported goods
duties
Helped popularize "no taxation without representation;" helped create the first "Committee of Correspondence," member of the Sons of Liberty; organized the Boston Tea Party; very active in colonial resistance to British policies
Sam Adams
Idea that colonists should not be taxed because they had no direct representatives in Parliament and had not given their consent (said "yes")
no taxation without representation
a system of communication between the colonies that helped to unite them in opposition to British rule ("modern day social media")
Committees of Correspondence
to refuse to buy something, use something, or take part in something as a way of protesting
boycott
a law passed by the British Parliament in 1765 requiring colonists to pay a tax on paper products (newspapers, pamphlets, legal documents, playing cards, etc.)
The Stamp Act
Secret societies formed to protest new taxes passed by Parliament; led the Boston Tea Party and threatened tax collectors
Sons of Liberty
Outspoken member of House of Burgesses in Virginia who opposed the Stamp Act, claiming it violated colonists' rights
Patrick Henry
To cancel a law
repeal
This law taxed goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea. It also allowed customs officials to search colonial homes and businesses without real reason in order to prevent smuggling.
The Townshend Acts
legal document that enabled officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled; colonists protested that their rights as British citizens were being violated
writs of assistance
This organization supported the boycott of British goods. They urged Americans to wear homemade fabrics and produced other goods that were previously available only from Britain.
Daughters of Liberty
This African-American man was the first to die in the Boston Massacre; sometimes considered the first death in the Revolutionary War
Crispus Attucks
British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were taunting them on March 5, 1770; five colonists were killed. The colonists blamed the British and the Sons of Liberty used this incident to turn more people against the British.
Boston Massacre
ideas or information designed and spread to influence opinion
propaganda
An act passed by Parliament in 1773 to help the British East India Company by allowing the company to sell tea directly to the colonies without using colonial merchants. Colonial merchants were angry because they felt cheated by the British government.
The Tea Act
December 16, 1773; Sons of Liberty organized and dumped 342 chests of British tea into Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act
The Boston Tea Party
Colonists were forced to feed and house British soldiers if necessary. Colonists were angry because this violated their privacy and the security of their homes.
The Quartering Act
(1774) Colonists were punished for the BTP: Boston's harbor was closed until Bostonians paid for the tea destroyed in the Boston Tea Party; MA colony's charter was canceled and a military governor put in charge; Quartering Act passed to house British troo
The Intolerable Acts