Our Nation chapter 17

Monopoly

A company that controls an entire industry

Corporation

A business that is owned by individuals who invest in that company

Sweatshop

A small, crowded factory where people work in unsafe conditions

Labor union

A group of workers united to gain better wages and working conditions

Strike

A refusal of all the workers in a business to work until the owners meet their demands

Andrew Carnegie

Business leader who developed the steel industry and philanthropist who established many charities

Thomas A. Edison

Inventor of lightbulb in 1879, the phonograph, and more than 1000 inventions

Alexander G. Bell

Inventor who built the first working telephone in 1876

Lewis Latiner

African American inventor who assisted the invention of Bell's lightbulb and Edison's lightbulb/process for making carbon for electric lamps

Elijah McCoy

Inventor of the oil cup called "the real McCoy" in 1872

John D. Rockefeller

Business leader who started the Standard Oil Company

Samuel Gompers

Labor union leader who founded the American Federation of Labor in 1866

Mary Harris Jones

American Labor union leader who fought against child labor and was known as "Mother Jones

Gail Borden

Invented condensed milk in 1856, and concentrated fruit juice in 1862

George Washington Carver

Invented uses for peanuts and sweet potatoes in 1918

Elisha Graves Otis

Invented elevator with emergency brakes in 1852

George Westinghouse Jr.

Inventor of air brakes for locomotive in 1868

slum

a poor crowded section of a city with a rundown and unsafe housing

tenement

an apartment building divided into many small, cramped apartments

Great Chicago Fire

a fire in 1871 that destroyed one third of the city in 24 hours

settlement house

in the late 1800s and early 1900s, a community center for the poor immigrants, and others in need for child care, education, and many more

Jane Adams

reformer who founded the Hull House in Chicago in 1889, the first settlement house in the U.S.

Rough Riders

one of Theodore Roosevelt's friends who voluteered to fight in Cuba during the Spanish-American War

Buffalo Soldiers

The name given to the African American Calvary unit that fought in the Plain Wars and Spanish-American War

Spanish-American War

The war in which the U.S. gained control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines from Spain in 1898

James Cook

British sea captin and explorer who reached the Hawaiian Islands in 1898

Queen Liliuokalani

Was queen of Hawaii from 1891-1893 who was overthrown by American planters

William McKinley

The 25th president of the U.S. from 1897-1901

George Dewey

U.S. admiral who defwater the Spanish in the Philippines during the Spanish-American War

Theodore Roosevelt

26th president of the U.S. from 1901-1909 and led the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War

reform

A change to make government or businesses work better

Trust

A secret agreement by leaders of an industry to fix process and end competition

Assembly line

A method of mass production in which th h predict is carried on a moving belt passed workers who remain in place

Conservationists

Person who works to preserve the environment national park

Upton Sinclair

Writer who wrote "The Jungle" in 1906, exposed unsafe practices in the meat-packing industry

Ida Tarbell

Muckraker and writer whose articles described the unfair business practices of the Standard Oil Company in 1903

William Gorges

U.S. Army doctor who helped control the spread of Malaria during the building of the Panama Canal from 1904-1914

Orville Wright

Inventor who, with his brother Wilbur, made the world's first successful airplane flight in 1903

Wilbur Wright

Inventor who, with his brother Orville, made the world's first successful flight in 1903

Henry Ford

Automaker who introduced assembly line mass production top the auto industry

John Muir

Conservation who worked to establish Yosemite National Park in 1890

Nikolai Tesla

Discovered radio and electric currents (1892)