joint-stock companies
These were developed to gather the savings from the middle class to support finance colonies. Ex. London Company and Plymouth Company.
charter colonies
a colony in which stockholders were granted rights and privileges by the English monarch
proprietary colonies
colonies owned by persons who had been given a royal charter to own the land
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.
Separatists
English Protestants who would not accept allegiance in any form to the Church of England. Included the Pilgrims and Quakers
Mayflower Compact
1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was written by the Pilgrims and signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower setting up a government for the Plymouth colony.
John Carver
Person who arranged financial backing and found a seaworthy ship for the Pilgrims
Plymouth
Colony settled by the Pilgrims in 1620. It eventually merged with Massachusetts Bay colony.
William Bradford
A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks.
Massachusetts Bay Company
joint-stock company chartered by Charles I in 1629. It was controlled by Non-Separatists who took the charter with them to New England and, in effect, converted it into a written constitution for the colony.
John Winthrop
As first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony he was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread rel
Roger Williams
He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State, believing that the Puritans were too powerful. He was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs.
Thomas Hooker
A Puritan minister who led about 100 settlers out of Massachusetts Bay to Connecticut because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power. He wanted to set up a colony in Connecticut with strict limits on government.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
first written constitution in America
New Netherland
Dutch colony that later became New York
Peter Minuit
Dutch colonist who bought Manhattan from the Native Americans for the equivalent of $24 (1580-1638)
patroons
Wealthy landowners in the New Netherlands who got large estates by bringing 50 settlers.
Sir George Carteret
one of the proprietors who was given the southern part of the Duke of York's colony; he and his partner, Lord John Berkeley, named their colony New Jersey
Lord John Berkeley
co-founder of New Jersey
Quakers
English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preached a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, and under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania
William Penn
Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1644-1718)
New Sweden
settlement that became the colony of Delaware
George Calvert
Founder of Maryland. His title was Lord Baltimore. His son was Cecilius Calvert.
Cecilius Calvert
This Lord Baltimore established a colony for Toman Catholics.
indigo
a plant grown in the southern colonies that yields a deep blue dye
James Oglethorpe
An English General who founded the colony of Georgia in 1733 as place for Englishmen in debt to start over.
New England Colonies
Most of these colonies were originally charter colonies.
Middle Colonies
These colonies had original settlements by the Dutch and Swedes.
Southern Colonies
One of its colonies was founded for Roman Catholics.
Massachusetts
This colony was heavily populated during "the Great Migration.
Maryland
This colony passed an Act of Toleration guaranteeing religious freedom.
Georgia
This colony had Savannah as its first settlement.
Delaware
This colony was first settled by the Swedes.
Connecticut
This colony was settled by people from Massachusetts Bay who wanted more land.
Pilgrims
Plymouth colony was settled by this group.
Squanto
Native American who helped the English colonists in Massachusetts develop agricultural techniques and served as an interpreter between the colonists and the Wampanoag.
Miles Standish
the "Stranger", a non pilgrim, who help the Plymouth Pilgrims.
Charter Colonies
Joint-stock companies were used to form these types of colonies.
Separatists
The Pilgrims belonged to this group.
Germany
The Pennsylvania Dutch came from this country.