When did the United States try to follow a policy of neutrality?
As dictators threatened world peace
What was the name of the book hitler wrote?
Mein Kampf (my struggle)
How did hitler rise to power?
By taking advantage of people's anger and suffering
What are dictators?
Leaders who control their nations by force
How did Benito Mussolini rise to power?
By appealing to the resentment of many Italians who felt they had not won enough to in the Versailles treaty
What is fascism?
Extreme nationalism and racism
What was the only political party that Mussolini didn't ban?
Fascist Party
What was Mussolini's nickname?
Il Duce (the leader)
Mussolini built up Italy's ______________ and vowed to recapture the glory of the Ancient Romans.
Military
What was Mussolini's first military act?
Sent Italian forces to invade Ethiopia
When did millions of people lose their jobs and rally around hitler?
The Great Depression
In what year did Hitler become chairman of the Nazi Party?
1921
What is anti-Semitism?
Hatred of Jews
Hitler ended all democracy and established ______________________ rule.
Totalitarian
What does totalitarian mean?
A single party and its leader suppress lull opposition and control all aspects of people's lives
Why did Hitler form an alliance with Italy?
To gain support in his expansion plans
What happened as a result of japans government's failure to solve economic problems?
Military leaders rose to power
Who is Joseph Stalin? What did he demand?
A communist leader of the Soviet Union that rose to power in the late 1920s. Demanded to complete obedience from the people he ruled and got it through the use of force
What did Congress pass between 1935 in 1937 that banned the sale of weapons to nations at war?
A series of neutrality acts
True or False In March 1936, Hitler sent troops into the demilitarized Rhineland.
TRUE
Where did Hitler send troops to after Rhineland?
Austria
Where did Hitler send troops to after Austria?
Sudetenland: an area of Czechoslovakia where many German speaking people lived
What is an appeasement?
Policy following Germany's demands
What was the pact that Hitler and Stalin signed in 1939?
The soviet German non aggression pact
True or False: The Soviet German nonaggression act freed to Hitler to use force against France without fear of Soviet intervention.
False it would let him use force against Poland
When did Hitler send his armies into Poland?
Sept. 1, 1939
What is a blitzkrieg?
lightning war
Why couldn't great Britain and France help Poland?
Its defeat came so quickly
During the quiet winter of 1939 and 1940 where did the French and British forces settle in?
Maginot Line
True or false with the collapse of Belgium Allied troops retreated to the port of Dunkirk in the northwest corner of France on the English Channel.
TRUE
What country did Italy join the war with?
Germany
Who inspired to British people to not give up hope during hitler's invasion?
Prime Minister Winston Churchhill
Did Hitler gain control of Great Britain?
No
Where did Hitler try to destroy after failing to seize Great Britain? What happened because of this?
The Soviet Union. The Soviet Union joined the allies against the axis powers
Did Hitler ever seize France?
Yes
What committee did isolationists make to keep to out of Europe's business?
America First Commitee
In what year did congress vote to strengthen the navy?
1938
Who won the 1940 election?
Roosevelt
What was the Lend-lease Act?
Allowed America to sell, lend or lease arms or other war supplies to any nation considered "vital to the defense of the US
What is disarmament?
Giving up military weapons
Where did Japan seize after the fall of France?
The French colony of indochina
What did the US do in response to Japan's actions?
Froze all Japan's assets in American banks
When did Japan bomb Pearl Harbor?
At 7:55 am on Sunday dec. 7, 1941
When did Germany and Italy, Japan's Allies declare war on the US?
11-Dec
What did demand for war goods create?
new industries and new jobs
What did the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor do?
United the American people like nothing else could.
Large numbers of ________ served in the military.
Women
WAC
Women's Army Corps
WAVES
Women Appointed for Volunteer Emergency Service in Navy
About how many wome served in the coast guard, air corps, WAVES, and WAC?
250,000
mobilization
military and civilian preperations for war.
Revenue Act of 1942
raised corporate taxes and required nearly all Americans to pay income taxes.
What did Congress approve?
A system for withdrawing taxes from worker's paychecks - a practice still in effect.
Did the governement borrow money to finance the war?
Yes
What did the government sell, like they had done in WWI?
War bonds
Who urged people to buy these war bonds?
celebrities and movie stars
True or False: The industry soared during the war.
TRUE
About how many ships did factories produce? Tanks and airplanes? Guns?
Ships: 70,000 - Tanks/airplanes: 100,000 - Guns: Millions
Rationed
consumers could buy only limited number of items
Many Americans planted ___________ to grow vegetables, which were short in supply?
Victory gardens.
Civil defense
protective measures in case of an attack
Office of War Information
Established by the governement. Promoted patriotism and helped keep Americans united behind the war effort and broadcast messages all over the world.
Rosie the Riverter
Encouraged women to take factory jobs
332nd Fighter Group (Tuskegee Airmen)
Shot down more than 200 enemy planes.
Benjamin Davis Jr.
Trained at Tuskegee Flying School; Became first African American general in U.S Airforce.
Large number of African Americans moved from...
Rural south to industrialized cities in the North and the West in search for work.
Navajo formed
code talkers
Code talkers" used secret language based on the Navajo language to send messages which was...
a code the Japanese never broke.
Bracero Program
Stimulated emigration from Mexico during war years
US labor agents recruited...
thousands of farm and railroad wokers from Mexico.
About 2/3 of Japanese Americans were Nisei which meant they were,
American citizens who were born in the U.S
Internment camps
mostly desert area, were crowded and uncomfortable, conditions were harsh.
President directed the army to relocate more than 100,000 West Coast Japanese Americans to
detention centers
To win the war, the Allies had to...
regain control of North Africa and most of Europe.
German forces occupied most of Europe and much of North Africa.
...
Who was Erwin Rommel?
German general; known as "Desert Fox" b/c of his success in desert warfare.
Nov-42
British turned Rommel back at El Alamein. This victory prevented Germany from capturing the Suez Canal, linking the Mediteranean Sea and the Red Sea.
May-43
Allies drove the Germans out of North Africa
Allies launched 'air war' against Germany while,
fighting raged in North Africa and Italy
Summer of 1942
British and American air forces began a massive bombing campaign against Germany
Sep-41
Germans surrounded Leningrad and began a siege that lasted nearly 900 days.
Siege
military blockade
Spring of 1942
Germany launched another offensive.
What was also a major target?
Stalingrad; key to oil-rich lands to city.
Summer of 1943
Germans mounted a counteroffensive.
Major turning point in war.
German defeat in Stalingrad
Operation Overload
As Soviets pushed towards Germany from East, the Allies were planning a massive invasion of France from the West. General Eisenhower, the commander of the Allied forces in Europe, directed this operation.
French coast of Normandy
Where Eisenhower planned to land his troops on June 5th. (Was delayed due to rough waters)
D-Day
The day of June 6th , 1944 where the Allied ships landed on the coast of Normandy.
August 25th
French-American soldiers marched through joyful crowds and liberated Paris.
Battle of the Bulge
Germans at first drove troops and artilery deep into a bulge in the Allied lines. After several weeks, however, the Allies pushed the Germans back.
How many casualties did the Battle of the Bulge result in?
100,000 casualties
Mid-April 1945
Soviets surrounded Berlin, the German capital.
Where did Hitler, supposedly, spend his last few months?
In an underground bunker in Berlin.
Hitler's death date.
April 30th
May 7th
Germany signed an unconditional surrender, ending the war in Europe.
V-E Day
Allies declared this to be May 8th.
"Victory in Europe
Who did Roosevelt meet with?
Churchill and Stalin
Roosevelt Death Date
April 12th, 1945
Who took Roosevelt's place?
Harry S. Truman
Final solution
Nazi's solution to eliminate a whole people.
Genocide
Wiping out an entire group of people
Concentration camps
prison camps for civilians
Auschwitz
Famous concentration camp; where 2 million poeple had been killed.
Holocaust
6 million Jews, Soviet prisoners of War, Poles, Gypsies, and people w/ handicaps.
U.S Holocaust Memorial Museum
Located near National Mall in Washington, D.C
The Japanese surrender ends WWII.
...
On December 7, 1941, the same day as the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanes bombers struck American airfields in the Philippines;
Islands of Wake and Guam; Key American bases in the Pacific
Japanese invaded...
Thailand and Malaya and captured Guam, Wake Island, and the British colony of Hong Kong.
Douglas MacArthur
American general who commanded American troops.
What victory prevented the Germans from capturing the Suez Canal?
Egypt
Bataan Death March
Where about 76,000 prisoners started out but only 34,000 prisoners reached the camp.
16-Apr
When American bombers launched an attack on Tokyo, which was led by James Doolittle yet lifited American spirits
Battle of Coral Sea
Strategic victory because it halted the Japanese advance on Australia
Battle of Midway
Even greater victory that followed in June of 1942.
First major Japanese defeat
Battle of Midway
Island hopping
Adopted by General MacArthur and Admiral Chester Nimitz. Called for attacking and capturing certain key islands.
Battle of Leyte Gulf
-Biggest naval battle in history
-282 ships took part
-MacArthur fulfilled promise of returning to Philipines.
Mar-45
Seized the island of Iwo Jima
Jun-45
Seized the island of Okinawa
Kamikazes
Japanese suicide pilots
Albert Einstein
Wrote to President Roosevelt, warning him that the Nazi's might try to use energy of an atom to build "extremely powerful bombs
Manhattan Project
Created by President Roosevelt to develop such weapons as Einstein had said.
August 6th, 1945
American B-29 bomber, the Enola Gay, dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima and three days later on Nagasaki.
1st bomb- Hiroshima
Killed about 70,000 people
2nd bomb- Nagasaki
Killed about 40,000 people
August 15th, 1945 (V-J Day)
Victory over Japan
Allied authorites put the top Nazi and Japanese leaders on trial. Acussed of war crimes and crimes against humanity.
...
Where were the trial held?
Nuremberg, Germany and Tokyo
WWII was the most destructive conflict in history. About how many people died?
40 million