covenant
An agreement established between God and the ancient Israelites, first through Abraham and later through Moses, which designates the Jews as God's Chosen People with special rights and responsibilities.
Abraham
he first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac
Sarah
Abraham's wife, cannot have kids, wanted Hagar and Ishmael exiled.
Canaan
s an ancient term for a region encompassing modern-day Israel, Lebanon, the Palestinian Territories, plus adjoining coastal lands and parts of Jordan, Syria and northeastern Egypt
Hebrews
Hebrews are known as the ancestors of the Israelites, who used the Hebrew language. Eber "Hebrew" was the great grandson of Noah's son Shem.
Moses
Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus; received the Ten
Promised Land
term used to describe the land promised by God, according to the Hebrew Bible, to the Israelites. The promise is firstly made to Abraham (Genesis 15:18-21) and then renewed to his son Isaac, and to Isaac's son Jacob (Genesis 28:13), Abraham's grandson. Th
Chosen People
the Book of Deuteronomy, YHWH proclaims the Nation of Israel, known originally known as the Children of Israel, as His holy people, chosen above all others (Deuteronomy 7:6). As mentioned in the Book of Exodus, the Hebrew people are God's chosen people, a
King Saul
First King of the 12 tribes of the Hebrews
King David
(Old Testament) the 2nd king of the Israelites-Unites the tribes; moves capital to Jerusalem (central location); David is from Judea; Revelation from God to build a temple, He doesn't, but his son does
King Solomon
David's son, ruled Israel, built 1st temple
idolarty
idolatry is usually defined as worship of any cult image, idea, or object, as opposed to the worship of a monotheistic God.
prophet
prophet is a person who has been contacted by, or has encountered, the supernatural or the divine, and serves as an intermediary with humanity, delivering this newfound knowledge from the supernatural entity to other humans.[1][2] The message that the pro
Judah
Judah, the son of Jacob and Leah, is the progenitor of Jesus.
Isarel
the name given to Jacob after the death of Isaac. (Genesis 32:28-29). His descendants are called the House of Jacob, the Children of Israel, the People of Israel, or the Israelites.
Diaspora
The situation of Jews living away from their ancestral homeland, true of the majority of Jews ever since the classical period.
Antiochus IV
Ruled during the rebellion of the Jewish Maccabees.
Maccabean-- Revolt
168 BCE John Maccabean lead revolt, ppl of Isreal rebeled- revolt; the won!
synagogue
Jewish place of worship, Greeks originally referred to a religious meeting
rabbi
A teacher; someone well versed in Halakah; rabbis are not necessarily kohein and so do not perform any sacrificial rituals
Pharisees
Speakers of synagogues, responsible for teaching law to life, passed on Judaism after 2nd temple destruction and they remained
Sadducess
Temple priests, see day to day of temple, gone
Zealots
One who is zealous on behalf God.
Dead Sea Scrolls
The Dead Sea scrolls consist of about 900 documents, including texts from the Hebrew Bible, discovered between 1947 and 1956 in eleven caves in and around the Qumran Wadi near the ruins of the ancient settlement of Khirbet Qumran, on the northwest shore o
Hillel
A famous Jewish religious leader that developed the Mishnah and the Talmud. He also is know the expression of the Golden Rule; That which is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow. This is the foundation of the Torah interested in the common person not
Pogroms
A pogrom is a form of riot directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious, or other, and characterized by killings and destruction of their homes, businesses, and religious centers. The term was originally used to denote extensive violence
Ashkenazim
Jews descended from the medieval Jewish communities along the Rhine in Germany from Alsace in the south to the Rhineland in the north. Ashkenaz is the medieval Hebrew name for this region and thus for Germany
Hasidism
A form of Judaism arising in eastern Europe in the eighteenth century that emphasizes mysticism, a personal relationship with God, purity of heart and devotion to god in every aspect of life, every action can be seen as a kind of prayer, a close-knit comm
Secular Jew
The Jewish people is generally considered to be an ethnoreligious community rather than solely a religious grouping; Judaism guides its adherents in both practice and belief, so that it has been called not only a religion, but also a "way of life". This m
Tanak/Hebrew Scripture
A common way of referring to the Hebrew Bible, derived from the first letters of the Hebrew names of its three sections: Torah (T), Prophets( neviim) (N), and Writings( ketuvium) (K).
Torah/Law/Pentateuch
5 books of Moses( genisis, exodus, leviticus, numbers, deuteronomy) also known as pentateuch
Nevi'im/Prophets
the book of the prophets
Kethuvim/Wisdom Literature
other writings ( psalms, song of solomon, the book of job)
Talmud
written between 400-600 ce these are rabbinical commentaries on the Mishnah -
YHWH
Name of God in Hebrew
Ten Commandments/Decalogue
, are a list of religious and moral imperatives that, according to the Hebrew Bible, were spoken by God to the people of Israel from the mountain referred to as "Mount Sinai" [2] or "Horeb",[3] and later authored by God and given to Moses in the form of t
Mitzvot
there are 613 mitvot contained in the torah: following these in daily life is at the heart of what it means to be a jew.
Halakha
s the collective body of Jewish religious law, including biblical law (the 613 mitzvot) and later talmudic and rabbinic law, as well as customs and traditions
Hanukkah
Judaism) an eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Temple of Jerusalem in 165 BC
Purim
s a festival that commemorates the deliverance of the Jewish people of the ancient Persian Empire from Haman's plot to annihilate them, as recorded in the Biblical Book of Esther (Megillat Esther). According to the story, Haman cast lots to determine the
Pesach
Festival of Passover, commemorates the deliverance of Israel from captivity in Egypt: no chamets -anything made of wheat rye barley oats or spelt
Shavuot
Shavuot commemorates the anniversary of the day God gave the Torah to Moses and the Israelites at Mount Sinai. It is one of the shalosh regalim, the three Biblical pilgrimage festivals.
Shabbat/Sabbath
day of rest, worship, and celebration. patterened after 7th day of creation, Jewish Sabbath, from friday sundown to sat. sundown
Synagogue
is a Jewish house of prayermajor div. btw pharisees and sadducees
Temple/Holy of Holies
a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities. Holy of Holies-
Jerusalem
is the capital of Israel and its largest city the holiest city
Nation of Israel
were the descendants of the Biblical patriarch Jacob. They were divided into twelve tribes, each descended from one of twelve sons or grandsons of Jacob.
Tanak
Hebrew bible; T=torah: 1st 5 books in the Hebrew bible (law); N=nevi'im: prophets; K= Khetuvim: writings