two opposing sides in the American Revolution
Patriots and the Loyalists
an advantage for the Americans during the Revolutionary War
fighting on their own land for their own cause
another name for Loyalists
Tories
What nationality were the Hessians
German
leader of the Continental Army during the American Revolution
George Washington
This Patriot was executed for spying on Great Britain
Nathan Hale
Who fought on the side of the Patriots with the understanding they would win their freedom?
African Americans
This Christmas day American victory helped build morale during the harsh winter of 1776?
Battle of Trenton
What happed to the members of the Continental Congress when the British
captured Philadelphia?
Forced to flee
At which battle did the American forces surrounded British troops and forced
British General John Burgoyne and force he and his troops to surrender?
Battle of Saratoga
Which Founder was essential in getting the support of France during the American
Revolution?
Benjamin Franklin
Jonathan Austin delivered news of American victory after which battle?
Battle of Saratoga
Where did the British army spend the winter while the Continental Army suffered a
harsh winter at Valley Forge?
Philadelphia
Which country did the Spanish side with during American Revolution?
United States
desert means
to leave without permission
This former Prussian military officer who helped train the Continental Army
to become a more effective fighting force?
Friedrich von Steuben
This French soldier offered his services to General Washington and agreed to serve without pay in the American Revolution?
Marquis de Lafayette
What decision by Continental Congress led to inflation in the colonies?
decision of Continental Congress to print hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of
paper money
In 1780, which state legislature adopted a plan to gradually free enslaved people
Pennsylvania
How were Loyalists treated by their neighbors who supported the revolution?
Shunned, persecution, acts of violence
How were the Native Americans tribes who sided with the British involved in the
American Revolution?
Raided American settlements, killed settlers
Which British commander was nicknamed the "hair buyer" because he paid Native
American's for settlers' scalps?
Henry Hamilton
a blockade does this
prevents ships from entering or leaving the harbor
What did Congress authorize to combat the powerful British navy?
authorized private merchant ships to sail as privateers, meaning they could be
outfitted with weapons and capture enemy ships and cargo
What did the American officer John Paul Jones become famous for during the war?
successfully raiding British ports
What and when was the American defeat of the war?
Surrender of Charles Town, South Carolina in May 1780
What type of tactics did the American forces led by Francis Marion use?
hit-and-run attacks
How did Bernardo de Galvez help the American side during the war?
By shipping supplies and ammunition up the Mississippi River to American troops
What did British threats cause many of the people in the Carolinas to do?
Side with the Patriots, led to attack to Battle of Kings Mountain
Where did General Cornwallis and his troops retreat to after he gave up the
campaign to conquer the Carolinas?
Virginia
How did the arrival of Comte de Rochambeau help the Patriot cause?
He brought with him thousands of soldiers to fight alongside the Patriots.
After the first French fleet arrived, what was General Washington's original
strategy, or plan of attack?
to await a second French fleet, then attack the British position in New York
Why did General Washington advance on Yorktown instead of New York?
He learned that the second French fleet would land much further south.
Why did General Washington keep his plan to advance to Yorktown a secret from
everyone, including his own soldiers?
to prevent General Clinton from going to help General Cornwallis
What prevented General Cornwallis and his troops trapped at Yorktown from
escaping by sea?
second French fleet
Did the British surrender at the Battle of Yorktown bring an immediate end to the
American Revolution?
No
What treaty, which was signed in September 1783, was the final agreement to end
the war?
Treaty of Paris
Why did the Continental Army threaten to use force against the Continental
Congress?
They threatened to use force if they were not paid
What were General Washington's plans after the war?
retire and return to his home, Mount Vernon
What were some of the reasons that the Americans won the American Revolution
Foreign aid, fighting on their own land, belief in cause, and leadership of General
Washington