Chapter 7 "Louisiana's Spanish Colonial Era: Stability and Success

1. What was the Treaty of Fountainebleu?

1762 - transfered Louisiana to Spain

Why did France trade Louisiana to Spain?

France needed money and military aid from Spain

What events led up to the French and Indian War?

The British government wanted the fur trade and the land in the Ohio River Valley but the French were there and refused to leave.

Which countries fought in the French and Indian War?

Britian, France, and Spain

Which country entered the war in 1762?
Why did this happen?

Spain entered the war to help the French. The kings of France and Spain had signed an agreement to support each other.

Who won the French and Indian War?

The British

What lands did France lose in the French and Indian War?

France lost Canada and all French territory east of the Mississippi River.

What country took control of the Florida Parishes?

Spain

Why was the Spanish king willing to take on the heavy cost of owning Louisiana?

Louisiana would serve as a buffer and keep the British away from the Spanish silver mines in northern Mexico.

Why were the Acadians driven from their homeland?
Where were they living before they moved?

The British evicted the Acadians from their land because they refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Protestant British King.
They were living in Acadia, Canada

How did the people in the colony react when they finally learned of the transfer to Spain?

They were bitter about the betrayal by their country.

Who was the first leader Spain sent to Louisiana?
What kind of leader was he?

Antonio de Ulloa (ool YO a)
He was not a forceful leader but a reserved scientist. He was not effective with the people; they did not accept his authority.

Give 3 reasons why Antonio de Ulloa's actions angered the colonists.

1.Spanish trade laws meant ruin. Merchant resented loss of business
2. His social behavior offended the colonists
3. They were insulted when he had a private wedding and did not invite them.

What positive things did Ulloa do for the colonists?

He toured and inspected the forts.
He communicated with the British governor in West Florida.
He sought the goodwill of the Indians.

Why were the Germans and Acadians present at the rebellion?

The Germans came because they wanted to be paid for the produce purchased from their farms.
The Acadians came because Ulloa had forced some of them to settle near Natchez, instead of allowing them to join relatives near St. Gabriel.

Why did Ulloa flee the colony instead of putting down the rebellion?

He could do little to stop the rebellion because he had sent most of the Spanish soliders to the frontier forts

What was the Memorial of the Planters and Merchants of Louisiana?

A lengthy explanation written by the people of Louisiana to try to justify their actions to the French king. They appealed to the king to return Louisiana to French rule.

How did Alejandro O'Reilly show Spain's military strength?

His troops paraded in the Place d'Armes while cannons fired, a mass was held and speeches were made to emphasize Spain's control

What did he do to earn the nickname Bloody O'Reilly?

He sent the leaders of the rebellion to trial. They were sentenced to death/prison.

What Spanish governing body replace the French Superior Council?

The Spanish Cabildo; it functioned as a town council and as a court of law.

Name three plans O'Reilly had for the colony.

1. He intended to stop the British smugglers.
2. He set prices that merchants could charge.
3. He abolished Indian slavery.

Who was the first Spanish civilian governor of Louisiana?

Luis de Unzaga

How did Unzaga handle trade?

He overlooked Spanish trade laws and allowed British merchants to set up shop in New Orleans.

What did Unzaga do that ensured his acceptance in the colony?

He appointed many French to government positions.
He married a wealthy French merchant's daughter.

Who were the Islenos?
Why did Spain send them to Lousiana?

colonists from the Spanish Canary Islands
They were brought to be a group of loyal Spanish subjects and to join the military.

3. Who replaced Unzaga as colonial governor?
Why was he chosen?

Bernardo de Galvez
A strong governor with a strong military background was needed in Louisiana.

Why did Spain support the American Revolution?

Spain was glad to see its old enemy, Great Britian in trouble.

How did Spain help the Americans before it entered the war?

they secretly sent the Americans supplies from New Orleans.

On whose side did Spain enter the war?

Spain joined France

What was Galvez ordered to do after Spain entered the war?

He was ordered to force the British from the Mississippi River, Mobile and Pensacola

What British forts did Galvez seize?

Fort Bute at Manchac
New Richmond at Baton Rouge
Fort Panmure at Natchez
Fort George at Pensacola

Why was Galvez's success important to the Americans?

Losing the fort and the Gulf of Mexico kept the British from making further attacks in the southwest.

How was Galvez rewarded for his part in the American Revolution?

The king of Spain gave him a royal title.
He was allowed to add a battleship and the motto Yo Solo to his coat of arms.

What part of present day Louisiana became part of the Spanish colony after the war?

Florida parishes

4. Who was the governor after the American Revolution?

Esteban Miro

Name 3 challenges Miro faced.

1. To continue trade with the Indians
2. to block American expansion and prevent them from taking Indian lands
3. Not enough money from the Spanish government to provide for all of the colony's needs.

What effect did the fire of 1788 have on the people of New Orleans?

Colonial government was disrupted. Homes and property were damaged. Loss of food threatened famine.

Who replaced Miro as governor?

Francisco Luis Hector, Baron de Carondelet

How did Carondelet's handle trade?

He allowed free trade with the United States. He also permitted foreign trade ships to enter the port of New Orleans and listed them as Spanish ships on the records.

What are two ways the French Revolution affected Louisiana?

any government that insisted on absolute control over its citizens was threatened.
Colonists were attracted to ideas of freedom.

Why were western farmers angry about Spain's control of the Mississippi River?

They wanted to be able to ship their products to market

What was the first newspaper published in Louisiana?

Le Moniteur de la Louisiane

What language was Le Moniteur de la Louisiane printed in?

French

What are 2 reasons that led to sugar cane becoming an important crop?

1. Experienced sugar planters moved to Louisiana
2. Bore improved an experimental process and manufactured a good quality sugar.

Why did Spain decide to give up the colony?

Louisiana continued to cost Spain more than it returned.