Memphis Riots and Black Codes
they convince the Radical Republicans that Johnson's reconstruction plan is too weak and the Southern Representatives are not seated in Congress
Civil Rights Acts of 1866
1)granted full citizenship to African Americans 2)federal government could intervene in state affairs to protect African American rights
3)this law overturned black codes.
4)Freedmen's Bureau given more power - courts could now try people accused of viola
14th amendment
1)Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
2) due process, life, liberty, and property could not be taken away from a person without a trial
3)equal protection protection of laws, all citizens
First Reconstruction Act of 1867
1) Creation of new governments in 10 southern states that had not ratified the 14th amendment, 2) divided 10 Southern states into military districts
3)African American men allowed to vote in state elections
4) banned former confederate officials from hold
Second Reconstruction Act of 1867
Military commanders registered voters in preparation for state constitutional conventions' This act covered the ambiguity about elections under the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 and stated that all men would be registered to vote via the efforts of
By what year had all the states been let back into the Union?
By 1870
President Johnson Impeached
He opposed Radical Reconstruction, Congress passed a law called Tenure of Office Act, designed to limit Johnson's power, Law prohibited Johnson from removing officers from his cabinet... The Johnson fires his secretary of war (which he wasn't allowed to d
15th amendment 1869
prohibited state and federal governments from denying the right to vote to any male citizen because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Gives African American men the right to vote
They refused to seat them
How did Congress treat returning Southern Representatives?
Why was the passage of the Civil Rights act very important?
It contradicted the 1857 Dred Scott decision, which had ruled all African Americans not citizens
Why did president Johnson veto both of these laws?
He argued that the congress was overstepping its authority
Why did Congress add the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution?
They feared that the Civil Rights Act would be overturned
Which group was not granted citizenship under the Fourteenth Amendment?
Native Americans
How many of the former Confederate states ratified this amendment and were thus able to rejoin the union?
Only Tennessee
black codes
laws passed in the south just after the civil war aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit African American workers and allowed officials to arrest and fine jobless African Americans. Also banned African Americans from ownin
impeach
formally charge Johnson with wrongdoing
override
defeat - used when Republicans in congress had enough votes to override Johnson's veto of the Civil Rights Act and the Freedmen's Bureau bill
convince
persuade
suspend
removed from office temporarily
Tenure of Office Act
1866 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet
Edward Stanton
The secretary of war(defense sec.) during Johnson's term; the leader of the extreme radical republicans, wanted harsh treatment for South'
Johnson fires him to challenge the Radical Republicans, causing Johnson's impeachment.
Ulysses S. Grant
an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.
Brown vs Board of Education
Decision saying, segregation in SCHOOLS is a violation of the 14th amendment, 1954
Why did Johnson consider the civil rights bill unconstitutional?
He believed that the federal gov't was overstepping its authority. He argued that they were unconstitutional because they were approved by a congress that did not include representatives from all of the states
Radical Reconstruction
The Radical Republicans passed four Reconstruction Acts in 1867: (1) ratify the Fourteenth Amendment; (2) write new state constitutions that guarantee freedmen the right to vote; (3) form new governments to be elected by all male citizens including Africa
Military Reconstruction Act
1867; divided the South into five districts and placed them under military rule; required Southern States to ratify the 14th amendment; guaranteed freedmen the right to vote in convention to write new state constitutions; It ripped the power away from the
How did Republicans organize the south during reconstruction?
They used their power ( a supermajority of 2/3 in agreement in Congress so they could override vetoes) to pass a series of Acts that accomplished their goals. First Recon Act, Military Recon Act, 2nd Recon Act
What convinced Radical Republicans that Pres. Johnsons' reconstruction plans weren't working?
Memphis Riot
What two actions did Pres. Johnson take that lead to him being impeached?
Johnson suspended Secretary of War Edwin Stanton and then when Senate refused to approve the suspension Johnson removed Stanton from office.
Was Johnson removed from office?
No, Johnson was not removed from office. The Congress failed to achieve the two thirds majority for conviction in the impeachment trial. As a result, Johnson stayed in office until the end of his term in March 1869