Descriptive Statistics
statistical procedures used to describe characteristics and responses of groups of subjects
Inferential Statistics
numerical methods used to determine whether research data support a hypothesis or whether results were due to chance
Numerical Statistics
represent measurements where the actual numbers are important (height and weight). Might include MEASURES OF CENTER and MEASURES OF SPREAD
Quantitative Statistics
Numerical based, incorporates averages (mean, median, mode) to describing data.
Categorical Statistics
individuals in groups (gender or political affiliation) that are summarized using the # of indivs in each group = FREQUENCY or percent of indivs = RELATIVE FREQUENCY
Qualitative
relating to or involving comparisons based on qualities
Population
a group of organisms of the same species populating a given area
Sample
items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population
Variable
a quantity that can assume any of a set of values
Discrete
unconnected; separate; distinct
Continuous
of a function or curve. non stop.
Skewed Right
The data is stretched to the right. Most of your data is on the left and your tail is to the right. (Negatively Skewed)
Skewed Left
The data is stretched to the left. Most of your data is on the right. The tail is to the left. (Positively Skewed)
Symmetric
having similarity in size, shape, and relative position of corresponding parts.
Bell-shaped
symmetric
Unimodal
having one mode; this is a useful term for describing the shape of a histogram when it's generally mound-shaped
Bimodal
distributions with two modes
Multi-modal
Distribution with mutliple modes
Variation
(biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration.
Quartile
(statistics) any of three points that divide an ordered distribution into four parts each containing one quarter of the scores.
Range
the limits of the values a function can take
Standard Deviation
a measure of variability that describes an average distance of every score from the mean
Outlier
an extreme deviation from the mean
Dotplot
A one dimensional plot of a quantitative data set where each value in the data set is represented by a dot above its corresponding location on the x axis.
Boxplot
displays the 5-number summary as a central box with whiskers that extend to the non-outlying data values
Steam and Leaf Plot
a system used to condense a set of data where the gratest place value of the data forms the stem and the next greatest place value forms the leaves
Histogram
A graph of vertical bars representing the frequency distribution of a set of data.
Timeplot
displays data that change over time
Scatterplot
A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables
Bar Graph
a chart with bars whose lengths are proportional to quantities
Pie Chart
a circular chart divided into triangular areas proportional to the percentages of the whole
Context
discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation