Noise
Anything that distorts communication or interfere's with people's understandings of one another. In communication systems, this is inevitable, but we can be aware that it exists and try to compensate for the difficulties it causes. There are 4 types, and
Physiological Noise
Distraction caused by hunger, fatigue, headaches, medications, and other factors that affect how we feel and think.
Physical Noise
Interference in our environments, such as noises made by others, overly dim or bright lights, spam and pop-up ads, extreme temperaturs, and crowded conditions.
Psychological Noise
Qualities in us that affect how we communicate and how we interpret others.
Semantic Noise
Exists when words themselves are not mutually understood (Ex: jargon, unnecessarily technical language, abbreviations in texts/tweets)
Interpersonal Communication
A selective, systemic process that allows people to reflect and build personal knowledge of one another and create shared meanings.
Linear Model
This model of communication depicts communications as a linear (one-way) process. A verbal model consisting of 5 questions (who? says what? in what channel? to whom? with what effect?) describing a sequence of acts that make up communication. Portrays com
Interactive Model
Portrays communication as a process in which listeners give feedback (a response to a message.) This model recognizes that communicators create and interpret messages within personal fields of experience. An improvement over the linear model, however, it
Transactional Model
More accurate than the others because it emphasizes the dynamism of interpersonal communication and the multiple roles people assume during the process. Recognizes that noise is present throughout interpersonal communication. Includes the feature of time
We cannot NOT communicate
The first of eight principles of communication. Others interpret what we do and say as well as what we do not. Silence is still a form of communication. What defines silence and how it is interpreted by others depends on cultural backgrounds. (Ex: Western
Interpersonal Communication is Irreversible
The second principle. This reminds us that communication (Ex: saying something during an argument, social media posts, etc) is irreversible and that what we say and do matters. A later apology, explanation, or denial will not erase what had been revealed.
Interpersonal Communication Involves Ethical Choices
The third principle. Ethical (or codes of conduct based on moral principles) issues concern right and wrong. Because interpersonal communication is irreversible and affects others, it has ethical implications. This reminds us that we should always think c
People Construct Meanings in Interpersonal Communication
The fourth principle. The significance of communication doesn't lie in words and nonverbal behaviors. Instead, meaning arises out of how we interpret communication. Humans use symbols (Ex: words) which have no inherent or true meanings, which means we mus
Metacommunication Affects Meanings
Communication about communication. The fifth principle. We can use words to talk about other words or nonverbal behaviors. This can increase understanding or help to confirm understanding. Also helps friends and romantic partners express how they feel abo
Interpersonal Communication is the Primary Way
(Sixth principle.) We build, refine, and transform relationships. Partners talk to work out expectations and understandings of their interaction, appropriate and inappropriate topics and styles of communicating, and the nature of the relationship itself.
Interpersonal Communication is Not a Panacea
The seventh principle. Many problems cannot be solved by talk alone. Words alone cannot solve many global problems, nor can they bridge irreconcilable differences between people or erase the hurt of betrayal. Good communication may increase understanding
Interpersonal Communication Effectiveness
(Eighth Principle.) This can be learned. Some people have an aptitude for communicating, but all of us can become competent communicators.
Social Media in Everyday Life
When we talk with people face to face, we are aware of their immediate physical context, which is not the case with online and digital interaction. We may not know who else is present or what else is happening around the person we text. This makes it more
Interpersonal Communication Competence
The ability to communicate effectively, appropriately, and ethically. Has 8 basic guidelines.
First Guideline
Develop a range of skills- how to handle different situations
Second Guideline
Adapt communication properly- knowing which kinds of communication to use in specific interactions. Consider context. Sensitive to goals, contexts and other people.
Person-Centeredness
The ability to adapt message effectively to particular people
Third Guideline
Engage in Dual Perspective- Understanding both our own and another person's perspective, beliefs, thoughts, or feelings. Understand how someone thinks and feels about themself, the situation, their own thoughts and feelings about issues. Although we may p
Egocentric
People who cannot take the perspectives of others. Impose their perceptions on others and interpret others' experiences through their own eyes.
Fourth Guideline
Monitor your communication. Monitoring is the capacity to observe and regulate your own communication. Before bringing up a touchy topic, remind yourself not to get defensive and not to get pulled into counterproductive arguing. Occurs both before and dur
Fifth Guideline
Commit to ethical communication- requires that you invest energy in communicating ethically with others as unique human beings both face to face and on social media. Honor the person and the feelings he or she can express, even if you feel differently. Re
I-It Communication
The first of three relationships in Buber's view of communication. Treat others impersonally, almost as objects. We do not acknowledge the humanity of other people, and may not even affirm their existence. (Ex: salespeople, servers in restaurants, clerica
I- You Communication
The second of three relationships is Buber's view of communication. This accounts for the majority of our interactions. Acknowledge a person as more than just an object, but don't fully engage one another as unique individuals. More personal. (Ex: teacher
I-Thou Communication
The third relationship in Buber's view of communication. The rarest kind of relationship. The highest form of human dialog because each person affirms the other as cherished and unique. Meet others in their wholeness and individuality, and see them as hum
First Key Feature
Selective- we don't communicate intimately with the majority of people we encounter, only a few because of the effort and risk involved. More intimate relationships take more time, energy, and courage than we are willing to offer to everyone.
Second Key Feature
Systemic- Takes place within various systems, or contexts, that influence what happens and the meanings we attribute to interaction. Includes all types of noise.
Third Key Feature
Process- Ongoing and continuous. Communication evolves over time, becoming more personal as people interact. Relationships gain depth and significance, and could also decline in quality, over time. No discrete beginning or ending. What happens between peo
Fourth Key Feature
Personal Knowledge- communication fosters personal knowledge and insights. To connect as unique individuals, we have to get to know others personally and understand their thoughts and feelings. Each relationship develops its own distinctive patterns and r
Fifth Key Feature
Meaning Creating- the heart of interpersonal communication is shared meanings between people. Meanings are created when we figure out what each other's words and behaviors stand for, and grow out of histories of interactions between people. There are two
Content Meaning
literal; or denotative meaning
Relationship Meaning
What communication expresses about relationships between communicators. There are three general dimensions of these:
1.) Responsiveness- how aware of others and involved with them we are.
2.) Liking/Affection- concerns the degree of positive or negative f
Range of Needs
There are 6 needs people try to meet through communication:
1.) Physical needs
2.) Safety needs
3.) Belonging needs
4.) Self-Esteem needs
5.) Self-Actualization needs
6.) Participating effectively in a diverse society