Nonverbal communication
Messages expressed by nonlinguistic means. Doesn't include sign language and written words, but includes messages transmitted by vocal means that don't involve language: sighs, laughs, etc.
Nonvocal nonverbal communication
Gestures, movement, appareance, facial expression, touch
Vocal nonverbal communication
Tone of voice, sighs, screams, vocal quality, pitch, loudness
Vocal verbal communication
Spoken words
Nonvocal verbal communication
Written words
True
True or false?: "The primary drive of nonverbal communication is relational
Social
Conveying emotions we may be unwilling or unable to express, identity management, the ability to define the kinds of relationships we have with others. These are three primary _________ functions of nonverbal communication.
Ideas
Nonverbal communication is much better suited to expressing attitudes and feelings than opinions and _________. Ex: Good at expressing tiredness, attraction, anger. Not good at expressing things like whether you favor capital punishment, whether prayer sh
Can't
Are these things that nonverbal communication
can't
or
can
express?: Simple matters of fact ("The book was written in 1997."), the past or future tenses ("I was happy yesterday"; "I'll be out of town next week."), An imaginary idea ("What would it be like
Emoticon
Series of symbols developed by electronic text correspondents that can be inserted to simulate nonverbal dimensions of a message. ;-)
Repeating
Nonverbal behaviors that duplicate the content of a verbal message. Ex: Pointing north after giving someone verbal driving instructions.
Complementing
Nonverbal behavior that reinforces a verbal message. (Saying "thank you" with a deadpan expression vs saying "thank you" with a genuine smile)
Substituting
Nonverbal behavior that takes the place of a verbal message. (Shrugging your shoulders when someone asks "What's going on?", rolling your eyes or suspiciously squinting your eyes when speaking isn't appropriate)
Accenting
Nonverbal devices used to emphasize oral messages. (Pointing an accusing finger adds emphasis to criticism.) ________ certain words with the voice "It was
your
idea!" is another way to add nonverbal emphasis.
Regulating
Nonverbal behaviors that can serve a regulating function by influencing the flow of verbal communication. (Nodding during a conversation indicating "I understand" or "keep going"), looking away which signals lack of attention, moving toward the door signa
Contradicting and mixed messages
Two terms. Nonverbal behavior that inconsistent with verbal messages. (Saying "Angry? No, I'm not angry!" all while having a beet red face.) Quick fact: Children ages 6-12 rely primarily on spoken word to determine the speaker's honesty whereas adults pri
Leakage
Inadvertent signals of deception which can come through a variety of nonverbal channels like facial expression, voice pitch, body language. Pupil dilation most reliable to detect possible of this term.
False (We are only accurate at detecting deception only slightly more than half the time. We also overestimate our abilities to detect others' lies. Finally, we have a strong tendency to judge others' messages as truthful, leading to a great bias in our a
True or false: As long as you pay attention to nonverbal cues, you can sometimes detect if someone is lying. The average rate of successful lie detection is about 70%.
a
a.) young boys, b.) girls, or c.) boys and girls equally, Which of these have particular difficulty decoding nonverbal messages? (Just write the letter without a period as the answer)
NVLD (nonverbal learning disorder)
Syndrome that causes great difficulty in reading facial expressions, tone of voice, and other cues.
Women
Do women or men do the following?: Smile more, use more facial expressions, use more head, hand, and arm gestures, touch others more, stand closer to others, are more vocally expressive, make more eye contact
Monochronic
Emphasis on punctuality, schedules, and completing one task at a time. Cultures that are generally _________ include North America, Germany, and Switzerland
Polychronic
Flexibility in schedules in which multiple tasks are pursued at the same time. Some cultures that are _________ consist of South America, the mediterrannean, and Arabs
Kinesiscs
The study of body position and motion
Body orientation
The degree to which we face toward or away from someone with our body, feet, and head. (if a third person joins a one on one conversation and the two people orient their bodies away from the third party, they probably don't that person present)
Posture
The way in which individuals carry themselves - slumping, relaxed, tense, loose, etc
Gestures
Movement of the body, usually hands or arms, that have communicative value
Illustrators
The most common form of a gesture. Movements that accompany speech but don't stand on their own. ("Talking with your hands", pointing a certain direction when giving instructions)
Emblem
Deliberate nonverbal behavior that have a precise meaning, known to virtually everyone within a cultural group. (Head nod = yes, head shake = no in America)
Adaptor
Another type of a gesture - unconscious bodily movements in response to the environment. (shivering when cold, folding arms to get warmer. even crossing arms when we don't want to be talking to someone.)
Manipulator
Self-touching (heh heh) behaviors which are often signs of discomfort. (Fiddling ones hands or rubbing your arms during an interview.) Can also be signs of relaxation too though, ie twirling ones hair, cleaning their fingernails when with close friends)
microexpressions
Brief facial expressions - generally difficult to understand because of the speed at which they can change
Paralanguage
Nonverbal, vocal messages. The
way
a message is spoken can give the same word or words
many
meanings. Ex. (This is a
fantastic
communication book vs this is a fantastic
communication
book)
Unintentional pauses
Times when people stop to collect their thoughts before deciding how to best continue their verbal message. Liars tend to have more than truth-tellers, as they often make up stories on the fly.
Vocalized pause
Um", "er", "uh", "like", "okay", "ya know" are all considered __________ pauses
Haptics
The study of touching. Touch can communicate many messages and signal a variety of relationships, such as the following: functional/professional (dental exam, haircut), social/polite (handshake), friendship/warmth (pat on the back), sexual arousal (kissin
Proxemics
The study of the way people and animals uses space. There are at least two dimensions of __________ : distance and territoriality
Intimate distance
We use this type of distance with people who are emotionally very close to us. Ranges out to about 18 inches.
Personal distance
Ranges from about 18 inches to four feet at its farthest. Its closer range is the distance at which most couples stand in public. The longer range contact, around 2-4 feet is usually with people we are reasonably close too, but not as personal as in intim
Social distance
Ranges from 4 to about 12 feet. Usually within it is the kind of communication that occurs in business. (Two employees chatting, sitting at a roundtable)
Public distance
Farthest zone. Runs outward from 12 ft. (Teachers in a classroom, public speakers speaking to large audiences)
Chronemics
The study of how humans use and structure time. The way we handle time can express both intentional and unintentional messages. (In a culture that values time highly, waiting can be an indicator of status. "Important" people may be seen by appt only, wher