Chapter 3 Interpersonal

Autonomy face

The need to avoid being imposed upon by others.

Breadth

The range of topics about which one person self-discloses to another.

Competence face

The need to be respected and viewed as competent and intelligent

Depth

The intimacy of the topics about which one person self-discloses to another

Face

A person's desired public image

Face needs

Components of one's desired public image.

Face-threatening act

Any behavior that threatens one or more face needs.

Facework

The behaviors we use to maintain our desired public image to others.

Fellowship face

The need to have others like and accept you. See also Need for inclusion

Gossip

The sharing of an individual's personal information with a third party without the individual's consent.

Identity

See Self-concept

Image

The way one wishes to be seen or perceived by others.

Image management

The process of projecting one's desired public image. See also Facework

Johari window

A visual representation of components of the self that are known or unknown to the self and to others.

Johari Window Open Area

Things that are known to others and things that are known to you

Johari Window Hidden Area

Things that are known to yourself but not others

Johari Window Blind Area

Things that other know about you but that you do not know

Johari Window Unknown Areas

Things that no one knows

Need for affection

One's need to give and receive expressions of love and appreciation

Need for control

One's need to maintain a degree of influence in one's relationships.

Need for inclusion

: One's need to belong to a social group and be included in the activities of others. See also Fellowship face

Norm of reciprocity

A social expectation, articulated by Alvin Gouldner, that resources and favors provided to one person in a relationship should be reciprocated by that person.

Personality

The pattern of behaviors and ways of thinking that characterize a person.

Reference groups

The groups of people to whom one compares oneself in the process of social comparison.

Reflected appraisal

The process whereby people's self-concept is influenced their beliefs concerning what other people think of them.

Self-concept

The set of perceptions a person has about who he or she is; also known as identity.

Self-disclosure

The act of giving others information about oneself that one believes they do not already have.

Self-esteem

One's subjective evaluation of one's value and worth as a person.

Self-fulfilling prophecy

An expectation that gives rise to behaviors that cause the expectation to come true.

Social comparison

The process of comparing oneself to others

Social penetration theory

A theory, developed by Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor, that predicts that as relationships develop, communication increases in breadth and depth.

What are the comments of self-concept

multifaceted, partly subjective, enduring but changeable

How does a self-concept develop

personality and biology
culture and gender roles
reflected appraisal
social comparison

defense mechanism

helps minimize the effects of a face-threatening act

Objective

based solely on fact

Subjective

Bring in bias, emotion, beliefs

Self-monitoring

The awareness of how a person's behavior is affecting another

High self-monitoring

cares about how they affect other

low self- monitoring

doesn't pick out cues

How do people with High self-esteem act?

More outgoing, dedicated, more willing to communicate.
takes risks
Better manage emotions

How do people with low self-esteem act?

More prone to depression, anxiety, loneliness
Critical of others
Pessimistic

Glass celling

women can not make a certain amount of money or get a position but can see it

Twice as hard rule

Minorities have work twice as hard as their majority colleagues