Autonomy face
The need to avoid being imposed upon by others.
Breadth
The range of topics about which one person self-discloses to another.
Competence face
The need to be respected and viewed as competent and intelligent
Depth
The intimacy of the topics about which one person self-discloses to another
Face
A person's desired public image
Face needs
Components of one's desired public image.
Face-threatening act
Any behavior that threatens one or more face needs.
Facework
The behaviors we use to maintain our desired public image to others.
Fellowship face
The need to have others like and accept you. See also Need for inclusion
Gossip
The sharing of an individual's personal information with a third party without the individual's consent.
Identity
See Self-concept
Image
The way one wishes to be seen or perceived by others.
Image management
The process of projecting one's desired public image. See also Facework
Johari window
A visual representation of components of the self that are known or unknown to the self and to others.
Johari Window Open Area
Things that are known to others and things that are known to you
Johari Window Hidden Area
Things that are known to yourself but not others
Johari Window Blind Area
Things that other know about you but that you do not know
Johari Window Unknown Areas
Things that no one knows
Need for affection
One's need to give and receive expressions of love and appreciation
Need for control
One's need to maintain a degree of influence in one's relationships.
Need for inclusion
: One's need to belong to a social group and be included in the activities of others. See also Fellowship face
Norm of reciprocity
A social expectation, articulated by Alvin Gouldner, that resources and favors provided to one person in a relationship should be reciprocated by that person.
Personality
The pattern of behaviors and ways of thinking that characterize a person.
Reference groups
The groups of people to whom one compares oneself in the process of social comparison.
Reflected appraisal
The process whereby people's self-concept is influenced their beliefs concerning what other people think of them.
Self-concept
The set of perceptions a person has about who he or she is; also known as identity.
Self-disclosure
The act of giving others information about oneself that one believes they do not already have.
Self-esteem
One's subjective evaluation of one's value and worth as a person.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
An expectation that gives rise to behaviors that cause the expectation to come true.
Social comparison
The process of comparing oneself to others
Social penetration theory
A theory, developed by Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor, that predicts that as relationships develop, communication increases in breadth and depth.
What are the comments of self-concept
multifaceted, partly subjective, enduring but changeable
How does a self-concept develop
personality and biology
culture and gender roles
reflected appraisal
social comparison
defense mechanism
helps minimize the effects of a face-threatening act
Objective
based solely on fact
Subjective
Bring in bias, emotion, beliefs
Self-monitoring
The awareness of how a person's behavior is affecting another
High self-monitoring
cares about how they affect other
low self- monitoring
doesn't pick out cues
How do people with High self-esteem act?
More outgoing, dedicated, more willing to communicate.
takes risks
Better manage emotions
How do people with low self-esteem act?
More prone to depression, anxiety, loneliness
Critical of others
Pessimistic
Glass celling
women can not make a certain amount of money or get a position but can see it
Twice as hard rule
Minorities have work twice as hard as their majority colleagues