process of experienceing the world and making sense out of what you experience
perception (pg 62)
process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting your observations of other people
interpersonal perception
process of seeing, hearing, or making sense of the world around us based on such factors as our personality, beliefs, attitudes, hopes, fears, and culture, as well as what we like and don't like
selective perception (pg 63)
process of focusing on specific stimuli, locking on to some things in the environment and ignoring others
selective attention
tendency to put ourselves in situations that reinforce our attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors
selective exposure
process that occures when we remember things we want to remember and forget or repress things that are unpleasant, uncomfortable, or unimportant to us
selective recall (pg 64)
observing a small sample of someone's behavior and then making a generalization about what the person is like, based on the sample
thin slicing
to place a familiar structure on information you select
superimpose (pg 65)
process of making sense out of stimuli by grouping, dividing, organizing, separating, and categorizing information
punctuation
process of filling in missing information or gaps in what we perceive
closure (pg 66)
collection of perceptions about others that you maintain and use to interpret their behaviors
impression (pg 67)
theory that explains how you develop perceptions about people and how you maintain and use those perceptions to interpret their behaviors
impression formation theory
perception that occurs without conscious effort, simply in response to one's surroundings
passive perception
perception that occurs because you seek out specific information through intentionalobservation and questioning
active perception (pg 68)
your unique set of beliefs and hypotheses about what people are like
implicit personality theory
bipoar quality used to classify people
construct
theory that claims people seek information in order to reduce uncertainty, thus achieving control and predictability
uncertainty reduction theory
tendency to attend to the first pieces of information observed about another person in order to form an impression
primacy effect
tendency to attend to the most recent information observed about another person in order to form or modify an impression
recency effect (pg 69)
attributing a variety of positive qualities to those you like
halo effect
attributing a variety of negative qualities to those you dislike
horn effect
theory that explains how you generate explanations for people's behaviors
attribution theory (pg 70)
theory of attribution that identifies the cause of a person's actions as circumstance, a stimulus, or the person himself or herself
causal attribution theory (pg 71)
theory that a person's social position, power, or cultural background influences how the person perceives the behavior of others
standpoint theory
learned system of knowledge, behaaviors, attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms shared by a group of people
culture (pg 73)
to attribute a set of qualities to a person because of the person's membership in some category
stereotype (pg 74)
theory that people are more likely to stereotype others with whom they interact inline, because such interactions provide fewer relationship cues and the cues take longer to emerge than they would in face-to-face interactions
social identity mocel of deindividuation effects (SIDE) (pg 75)
error that arises from attributing another person's behavior to internal, controllable causes rather than to external, uncontrollable causes
fundamental attribution error (pg 77)
tendency to perceive our own behavior as more positive than others' behavior
self-serving bias (pg 78)
conscious of what you are doing, thinking, and sensing at any given moment
mindful (pg 80)
seeking through passive perception such as observing and listening additional information to confirm or refute interpretations you are making
indirect perception checking (pg 81)
asking for confirmation from the observed person of an interpretation or a perception about him or her
direct perception checking