I'm late, I'm late for a very important date." This phrase best depicts which dimension of culture?
monochromatic
What you see is what you get." This phrase best depicts which of the following?
Low self monitor
After Frances shares with James her intense fear of public speaking, James then feels compelled to share with Frances something personal about himself. That example illustrates that self-disclosure usually occurs incrementally and is guided by:
The norm of reciprocity
This aspect of communication relates to how well a message meets its goals
effectiveness
Different cultures have different standards that define competent communication. This cultural variation speaks to which element of communication competence?
appropriateness
Researchers use this term to describe how aware people are of their own behaviors
self-monitoring
The ability to take another person's perspective, and to think and feel as that person does, is called what?
empathy
Craig hates being imposed upon by others. Craig has a high degree of
Autonomy face
the name for the situation in which expectations cause people to act and communicate in ways that make the expectations come true is
self-fulfilling prophecy
Which concept of culture includes judgments about how good, desirable, or beautiful something is?
values
A group of students who attend the same high school and all belong to the school's computer club would be an example of what?
co-culture
Which of the following is true in highly collectivistic cultures?
people take an indirect approach to handling conflict
The idea that "all people are created equal" would be a characteristic of which type of culture?
low-power-distance culture
Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the attitude of someone from a low-power-distance culture?
It is someone's individual right to question authority
Which of the following statements is not true regarding feminine cultures?
feminine cultures value achievement
Some researchers believe women and men grow up in difference speech communities. According to this idea, men are taught to do ____ and women are taught to do ____.
instrumental talk, expressive talk
Regarding sex differences in verbal behavior, which of the following is true, according to your text?
Men talk more than women do
Your own understanding of who you are as a person comprises your
self-concept
One of the ways we figure out who we are is by seeing who others think we are. The term for this process is
Evaluate assessmentq
When we evaluate our own merits with respect to certain reference groups, we are engaging in a process known as
Social comparison
Judy thinks it's going to rain today, so she behaves in ways that are consistent with that prediction (wear her raincoat, umbrella). In fact, it does rain, just as she predicted. Is this an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?
No, because her behaviors did not cause the prediction to come true
Regarding the benefits of high self-esteem, which of the following statements has been supported by the research?
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Scultz identified three fundamental inerpersonal needs. This particular need is the most similar in meaning to fellowship face
need for inclusion
According to social penetration theory, the ____ dimension concerns the number of topics disclosed whereas the ______ dimension concerns the level of detail in topics disclosed
breadth, depth
A sign in the library that reads "no talking allowed" would constitute an example of what?
Explicit rule
Imagine that you have just called a friend, but your friend didn't take the call and it went to voicemail. At first, you assume your friend was simply away from the phone or busy, but you start to wonder if he might be angry with you or ignoring you. This
cognitive complexity
When your roommate says, "we're out of detergent again," and you take that as a criticism, you are paying attention to which aspect of the message?
relational
Ethical communication generally involves
all of the above
When Sheila asked her friend Tommy to help her move at the end of the semester, she may have threatened his ____ face needs
autonomy
Martin disclosed something personal to his friend Tony. Afterward, Tony felt as though he had to disclose something personal in return. Tony's feelings exemplify which principle?
norm of reciprocity
Exam 2
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The tendency to assume that attractive people have other positive qualities is called what?
Halo effect
Harry is late whenever he has to meet Walter. His low regard for Walter is conveyed through which nonverbal code?
The chronemic code
This type of gesture requires verbal expression to make sense of it
illustrator
Which of the following emotional states was not identified by Paul Ekman as having a universal facial expression
jealousy
Rick and Jamie recently started dating. To commemorate their first month as a couple, Rick surprised Jamie when he picked her up at work in a limo with floor-level tickets to a concert. After, Rick was upset because Jamie would barely speak to him. Jamie
perceptual set differences
idealizing a romantic partner at the beginning of a new relationship is a common example of the ____ bias
positivity
Samantha was a fantastic softball player, but she rarely took credit for her success. Every time a reporter from the school paper would ask for a quote, she just said, "I got lucky today,
or "the pitcher gave me something I could hit." Which of these like
external locus
in which of the following instances might you have committed the self-serving bias?
you attribute all your failures to external, unstable causes
how are interpretations different from facts?
facts speak to what occurred, whereas interpretations speak to the meaning of what occurred
the literal, "dictionary" definition of a word is its ____ meaning
denotative
Words that evoke strongly positive or negative connotations are known collectively as
loaded language
Which of the following statements would be true according to the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?
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Saying that someone has been "let go" instead of "fired" is an example of which language behavior?
euphemism
Why do people tend to believe nonverbal messages over verbal messages when they are contradictory?
all of these are true (nonverbal is involuntary and reflects true ste, people control nonverbals when lying, harder to control nonverbal comm than verbal)
Good communicators take responsibility for theier own thoughts and feelings by using which of the following
I-statements
When your roommate says, "We're out of detergent again," and you take it as criticism, you are paying attention to which aspect of the message?
relational
The study of touch behavior is known as
haptics
All of the following are elements in the same semantic triangle except
article
terms and phrases that are intended to mislead listeners by implying something that they don't actually say
weasel words
non-words like "um" and "uh" are called
fillers
when a manicurist touches Suzi's hand while giving her a manicure, the type of touch Suzi receives is
caregiving
when Caleb proposes to Chrissy, Chrissy puts her hand on her heart to signal her love for him. Which type of gesture did Chrissy enact?
affect display
1. Compare and contrast two of the following models of relational decay: Knapp's "staircase model," Bradford's "death of a dyad" model, or Gottman's four horses. Which model, in your opinion, best describes the process of relationship dissolution? Explain
Knapp's model:
Explain two of the following models of relationship development -- Knapp's staircase model, Baxter's dialectical approach, or Berger's Uncertainty Reduction Theory. Which theory, in your opinion, best explains relationship development? Explain.
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3. Define a myth. What important functions do myths serve in effective family functioning? What are characteristics of a story? Tell me a story highlighting at least three functions the story serves.
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4. Distinguish between structural, task and transactional definitions of family. Offer a conceptual definition of family and classify the definition as structural, task or transactional. Explain.
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5. What are the five different conflict modes, according to Thomas and Kilman's model of conflict (see Blake and Mouton's model pages 374-376)? Identify and define each. Which conflict style best describes your pattern of dealing with conflict? What are t
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Griffin remarks that "accountability and forgiveness make our friendships grow and mature" (p. 205). Do you agree or disagree with Griffin? Support your answer with specific support from "Making Friends.
...
8. According to Griffin, (chapter 7) what are some key factors that draw people together? Identify, define, and explain three of those factors.
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9. What in the world does Griffin mean by the "turtle model?" How in the world does it relate to concepts such as intimacy, transparency and self-disclosure?
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What is interpersonal comm? Distinguish between the situational and developmental approaches to the study of interpersonal comm, clearly identifying the advantages and disadvantages of both
Interpersonal comm: sharing information freely among people
Situational: takes into account the situation and content, not emotions. Evaluates these dimensions: # of communicators, degree of proximity, # of sensory channels available, immediacy of feedbac
Griffin argues against both a bowling and ping pong conceptualization of communication, favoring a conceptualization of communication as a game of charades. Why? What problems exist in conceptualizing interpersonal comm in terms of bowling and ping pong,
cons of bowling:
sender - message - recipient
- no comm back and forth
- takes skill to hit all pins/people
cons of ping pong
sender <- -> recipient
- there has to be 1 winner
- constant "back and forth" almost like bickering
why is charades best
mutual w
articulate and describe two advantages and disadvantages of being a high and low self monitor
high self monitor:
advantages -
1. make good first impressions
2. likeable by various types of people
disadvantages -
1. seen as fake/two faced
2. hard to manage multiple personalities
low self monitor
advantages -
1. seen as real
2. do not conform to the
What is communication competence? Be sure to include the three elements of competence. How have different scholars conceptualized (examined/studied) this construct? What are key characteristics of a competent communicator?
comm competence: ability to seen/evaluated as competent/credible during communication
3 elements:
1. cognitive
2. behavioral
3. affect
key characteristics:
-credible
-educated
-well spoken
-goal oriented
-effective
-appropriate
studied by:
- did you meet
Griffin argues "meaning/motivation" in life comes in three ways - what are the three? Describe each
1. need for achievement
(effort over luck)
- must win at any cost
- must be on top and receive credit
2. need for affiliation
(focus on relationships)
- demands blind loyalty and harmony
- does not tolerate disagreement
3. need for power
(passion for infl
According to Griffin, what are the four building blocks of self esteem? define each. Are these things christian? Provide examples from text to support.
1. sense of moral worth
- firm in beliefs
- deemed self worthy by God
2. sense of competence
- knowing you can do something well
3. sense of self-determination
- take responsibility for own life versus blaming others
4. sense of unity
- "having it all tog
identify four reasons why it is important to study nonverbal communication
1. nonverbals give great insight to the message
2. 93% of what we perceive is in nonverbals
3. universal (mostly) among cultures
4. one can trust nonverbals more than verbals
according to Griffin what are three systematic biases in person perception?
1. self-serving bias
2. fundamental attribution error
3. positivity/negativity bias
what are the four building blocks of self esteem?
1. sense of moral worth
2. sense of unity
3. sense of self competence
4. sense of self-determination
According to Stafford, in his book, "that's not what I meant" what are two examples of "toxic words"? Define each and explain why words are harmful to developing relationships
Toxic talk - is words that sting, that hurt - words that crush the spirit, words that leave people feeling hurt and hopeless.
1. Name Calling -
a. Some words should be eliminated from our vocabulary because they are about name calling.
Racist - Nazi - ***
According to Griffin, there are three dimensions that define the relationship between two people
1. attraction (distance - how we approach/avoid things)
2. arousal (made by change in responsiveness)
3. power (status of each person)
describe expectation violation theory. Explain how this theory be used to explain two key results of the jury study.
expectation violation theory: When our expectations are violated, we will respond in specific ways. If an act is unexpected and is assigned favorable interpretation, and it is evaluated positively, it will produce more favorable outcomes than an expected
According to amy cuddy (video) what is body posing? what research has she conducted that supports her thesis that argues that your body language shapes who you are?
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define:
...
johari window
A visual representation of components of the self that are known or unknown to the self and to others.
goal competence
The ability to set goals, anticipate consequences and choose eggective lines of action
high context culture
Cultures in which messages are indirect, general and ambiguous
low context culture
Cultures in which messages are direct, specific and detailed
coordinate-management of meaning theory
theorizes communication as a process that allows us to create and manage social reality
cognitive complexity
The ability to understand a given situation in multiple ways
image management
the process of projecting one's desired public image
self-fulfilling prophecy
A belief that leads to its own fulfillment
face
the public image that a person claims for himself. Within this claim there are three dimensions. "Autonomy face" describes a desire to appear independent, in control, and responsible. "Fellowship face" describes a desire to seem cooperative, accepted, and
sapir-whorf hypothesis
A theory claiming that language influences perception. Example: people who are into decorating can distinguish color by descriptive adjectives i.e. pearl white.
content dimension
Literal information that is communicated by a message
relational dimension
signals about the relationship in which a message is being communicated
competence face
the need to be respected and viewed as competent and intelligent
social penetration model
a model of self-disclosure and relational development that illustrates how sharing increasingly more personal information intensifies a relationship's intimacy level
proportionality
Consider the probable cost and benefit and compare them with the probable costs and benefits of doing something else or of doing nothing at all.
attribution
the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition
perceptual checking
a process that helps us understand another person and her or his message more accurately.
1. Describe the persons actions or behavior in a factual, nonjudgmental manner.
2. Offer two possible interpretations of the behavior�one can even be "negative" as l
immediacy behavior
behaviors such as making eye contact, making appropriate gestures, and adjusting physical distance that enhance the quality of the relationship between speaker and listeners
standardized content task
...
olfactic association
the tendency of odors to bring up specific memories
self-serving bias
A readiness to perceive oneself favorably
gossip
A generally negative and morally laden verbal exchange taking place in a private setting concerning the conduct of absent third parties
social validation principle
the idea that people will comply with requests if they believe that others are also complying
discouraging message
...
mind-reading
claiming to know someone's internal state, thought, emotions, etc without specifying how you attained that information
social penetration theory
Predicts that as relationships develop, communication increases in breadth and depth (onion: public, personal, inner core)
need to belong theory
a psychological theory proposing a fundamental human inclination to bond with others
attraction theory
a theory that explains why individuals are drawn to others
predicted outcome value theory
a forecast of future benefits and costs of interaction based on limited experience with the other
reward-cost theory
...
social exchange theory
the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
comparison level
A realistic expectation of what one wants and thinks one deserves from a relationship
uncertainty reduction theory
Theory suggesting that people find uncertainty to be unpleasant, so they are motivated to reduce their uncertainty by getting to know others
power
...
types of power
Legitimate, reward, coercive, referent, expert
gunnysacking
the unproductive process of storing up grievances and then unloading them when an argument arises
conflict
A struggle between opposing forces
flooding
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covenant talk
when the 2 parties have a serious discussion about their level of commitment to each other. 2 people working out what they want, what they believe, what they hope for each other. promises we make to each other; ex: "i will always love you"; "we'll get tha
Knapp's stages of relationship development and decay
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, Gottman's four "horses,
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Thomas and Kilman's conflict modes
...
systems theory
An accident causation model that focuses on the relationship between man and machine systems, and the surroundings, which function as a unit or a whole (system).
dialectical theory
argues that in any relationship there are inherent contradictory impulses or dialects; argues that how we respond to those tensions are central dynamics that shed light on how relationships function, as well as how they evolve and change over time.