Communication that occurs when there's a time gap between when a message is sent and when it is received
Asynchronous communication
The medium through which a message passes from sender to receiver
Channel
The process of creating meaning through symbolic interaction
Communication
The ability to maintain a relationship on terms acceptable to all parties
Communication competence
Interaction in which participants interact smoothly, with a high degree of satisfaction buy without necessarily understanding one another well
Coordination
The process in which a receiver attaches meaning to a message
Decoding
The tendency to transmit messages without considering their consequences
Disinhibition
A two-person unit
Dyad
Two-person communication
Dyadic communication
The process of putting thoughts into symbols, most commonly words
Encoding
Both the physical setting in which communication occurs and the personal perspectives of the parties involved
Environment
The discernible response of a receiver to a sender's message
Feedback
Sending angry and/or insulting e-mails, text messages, and website postings
Flaming
Communication in which the parties consider one another as unique individuals rather than as objects. It is characterized by minimal of stereotyped labels; unique, idiosyncratic social rules; and high degree of information exchange
Interpersonal communication
Communication that occurs within a single person
Intrapersonal communication
A characterization of communication as a one-way event in which a message flows from sender to receiver
Linear communication model
The transmission of messages to large, usually widespread audiences via broadcast means (such as radio and television), print (such as newspaper, magazines and books), multimedia (such as CD-ROM, DVD, and the World Wide Web), and other forms of media such
Mass communication
Communication sent via a medium other than face-to-face interaction, e.g., telephone, e-mail, and instant messaging. It can be both mass and personal
Mediated communication
A sender's planned and unplanned words and nonverbal behaviors
Message
External, physiological, and psychological distractions that interfere with the accurate transmission and reception of a message
Noise
Communication that occur among a structured collection of people in order to meet a need or pursue a goal
Organizational communication
Communication that occurs when a group becomes too large for all members to contribute. It is characterized by an unequal amount of speaking and by limited verbal feedback
Public communication
One who notices and attends to a message
Receiver
A term used to describe the abundance of nonverbal cues that add clarity to a verbal message
Richness
The originator of a message
Sender
Communication within a group of a size such that every member can participate actively with the other members
Small group communication
Digital communication channels used primarily for personal reasons, often to reach small groups of receivers
Social media
An arbitrary sign used to represent a thing, person, idea, event or relationship in ways that make communication possible
Symbol
Communication that occurs in real time
Synchronous communication
A characterization of communication as the simultaneous sending and receiving of messages in an ongoing, irreversible process
Transactional communication model
Communication is a process, communication is symbolic and communication is relational, not individual
Characteristics of communication
Communication is a continuous, ongoing process. It is continually feeding from one event to the next
Communication is a process
Besides reflecting our identity, symbolic communication allows people to think or talk about the past, explain the present and speculate about the future
Communication is symbolic
Communication is relational, not individual
Relational communication is a unique creation that arises out of the way in which the partners interact. It varies with different partners
External, physiological and psychological
Types of noise
Also call physical noise, includes those factors outside the receiver that make hearing difficult, as well as many others distractions
External noise
Involves biological factors in the receiver or sender that interfere with the accurate reception: illness, fatigue and so on.
Physiological noise
Refers forces within a communicator that interfere with the ability to express or understand a message accurately
Psychological noise
Intrapersonal, dyadic/interpersonal, small groups, organizational, public, mass
Types of communication
The two forms of communication are different in some important ways
Mediated versus face-to-face communication
Face-to-face communication is rich because it abounds with nonverbal messages. Mediated communication is a leaner channel for conveying information
Message richness difference
Face-to-face communication occurs in synchronous. Mediated communication is asynchronous
Synchronicity difference
Face-to-face communication is transitory. Mediated communication is permanent.
Permanence difference
Communication satisfies many of or needs: Physical, identity, social and practical
Functions of communication
Communication is necessary for physical health. Studies indicate that social isolation is a major risk factor contributing to coronary disease
Physical needs
Communication does more than enable to survive. It is the way we learn who we are. We decided who we are based others react to us
Identity needs
Communication provides a vital link with others. Researchers have identified a range of social needs we satisfy by communicating: pleasure, affection, inclusion, escape, relaxation and control
Social needs
Communication allows us to get our needs met
Practical needs