listening
process of making sense of others spoken (or nonverbal) messages
hearing vs listening
hearing- physiological process of sound waves striking the eardrums and signals being sent to your brain
listening- process whereby you organize attend to evaluate and make sense of what you heard
components of listening (steps in listening process)
attending , understanding, responding or listening
attending
paying attention to what is being communicated
understanding
degree to which the listener is accurately interpreting what the sender was trying say (the degree of congruence here is known as listening fidelity)
responding
the process of verbally and nonverbally indicating that the message has been received and understood
- you can respond nonverbally or verbally
remembering
recalling the essence or essential points of the message
- it helps to use a mental schema (rhyme or acronym)
types of listening or reasons why we may listen
empathetic listening, appreciative listening, critical listening, comprehensive listening
empathetic listening
listening in order to provide emotional support
appreciative listening
listening because you appreciate or enjoy something being said or performed
critical listening
listening in order to carefully evaluate what is being said, solve a problem or decide upon a course of action
- used in debate and negotiations
comprehensive listening
listening to learn understand or get information
types of poor or ineffective listening
pseudo listening, stage hogging, selective/ insulated listening, defensive listening, ambushing, insensitive listening
pseudo listening
pretending to listen
stage-hogging
they listen just long enough for the other person to stop speaking so they can turn the conversation back to what they want to discuss
-conversational narcissists
selective/ insulated listening
attending only to the parts of a message that they are interested in and ignoring others
defensive listening
those occasions where a listener does not trust the speaker and thinks the speaker is out to get him/her.
- they will take many questions or statements as attacks
ambushing
- listening for the sole purpose of attacking what the speaker says
- type of listening is what dominates the cable news airwaves
insensitive listening
not fully attending to all of the subtexts of a message that may be found in the communicators questions or nonverbal responses
reasons why we don't listen well
-message overload
- preoccupation
-rapid thought
-it takes more effort than we are willing to put forth
- external noise
-faulty assumptions
-inability to overcome our prejudices
- poor source credibility
- lack of justification for listening
- lack of tr
-message overload
- preoccupation
-rapid thought
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listening responses: prompting and questioning
prompting- sometimes it is necessary to use strategies that will help the other person say what they need to (go on/please continue) let nonverbal help you
questioning- allows opportunity for one communicator to provide more information, opens dialogue al
practice active listening
paraphrasing
- you can reword the listeners interpretation of a message. this will give them a chance to confirm or dispute the accuracy of your understanding
supporting
-when a listener lets the speaker know that they feel or empathize for them
-useful in times of sadness
- don't cast judgement or blame the speaker for the problem, let them have their feelings
analyzing
offering an interpretation of the speakers message
- remember your analysis is subjective
- consider how your analysis will influence the speaker
- be straightforward yet sensitive
advising/ judging
offering a solution to another's problem or an evaluation of their behavior
- make sure the advice is wise or even appropriate to the situation
- don't be too quick to give advice or judgement
- make sure you know enough about the situation
- some advice
silent listening
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