nonverbal communication
-any message expressed by nonlinguistic means
- bodily actions and vocal qualities that typically accompany a verbal message
verbal elements
Voice*
Volume*
Pitch*
Rate*
Inflection*
Tone*
Spoken or written words
Note: Everything on this list (except for spoken or written words and sign language) can be classified in both categories because it has both verbal and nonverbal components. This is so
nonverbal elements
Gestures
Proxemics: (the use of space in communication)
Posture
Body orientation: (which direction the person is facing while sitting or standing)
Facial expressions
Eye contact (or lack thereof)
Gaze
Clothing
Environment
Touch
Kinesics: body position and
proxemics
use of space in communication
body orientation
which direction the person is facing or sitting
kinesics
body position and motion
nonverbal defines relational parameters
-defines the type of relationship we want to have ( or the type we want to them to think we want)
-nonverbal conveys emotion
-conveys closeness or distance
- is a way of asserting power over somebody else
- or a way to make someone feel important and incl
Johnson treatment
President Johnson was a tall big man compared to others, he would get very close and personal with other people, he would over power them.
- he knew that such close proximity to interlocutors made them uncomfortable and they would therefore usually do wha
Halls Proxemics Theory
- whos theory was it?
- intimate distance
-personal distance
- social distance
-public distance
- Edward T Hall posited that most americans recognize four distances
- in private conversations with close friends most Americans are comfortable with up to 18 in
- 18 in to 4ft is the comfortable space in which most conversation occurs
- 4 ft to 12ft, im
territory
invisible bubble we carry around the area that serves as an extension of our physical being
Burgoon's Nonverbal expectancy violations theory
Judee Burgoon discovered that people would sometimes violate the expected personal space boundaries. it can be taken as rude or flirtatious.
functions of nonverbal communication (FNVC)
repeating, complimenting, substituting, accenting, regulating, contradicting
FNVC- repeating
reinforcing, gesture or behavior is done that reinforces what is said
FNVC- complimenting
nonverbal elements can seem to confirm what one person says
FNVC- substituting
sometimes a shrug or facial expression can be used in place of a work or reply to a question
FNVC- accenting
pointing at a person may be seen as a threatening accent to what you are saying during a heated exchange
FNVC- regulating
these are behaviors that influence that flow of communication. (turning away from somebody signals the end of the conversation)
FNVC- contradicting
nonverbal behaviors can contradict what somebody is saying verbally. a raised voice or overly animated gestures may signal that you really are angry or frustrated with somebody even though you insist you are not
emblems
gesture that serves as a substitute for words (thumbs up)
adaptors
gestures that respond to or illustrate a physical need (shivering)
manipulators
self-touching behaviors showing discomfort (rubbing eyes)
illustrators
gestures that accompany verbal elements but do not stand on there own
haptics
the study of touch
- ritualized touch, scripted
- task-related touch, touch used to perform a certain function
- power-establishing touch, designed to demonstrate one person is in charge over another
-relational touch, generally a comforting touch designe
chronometrics
study of how humans used and structure time
monochromic time orientation
tendency to do one thing at a time remain relatively on schedule
polychromic time orientation
tendency to multiple things at a time (multitasking) less interested in remaining on schedule
eye contact western and eastern cultures
- eye contact conveys care interest and concern for the other party
- can be seen as a gesture of undue familiarity and a lack of respect
paralanguage
-vocal emphasis
- pauses
- vocalized pause or verbal fillers