listening
the active process of making meaning out of another person's spoken message
people-oriented style
emphasizes concern for other people's emotions and interests. tries to find common interests with others.
action-oriented style
emphasizes organization and precision. likes neat, concise, error-free presentations.
content-oriented style
emphasizes intellectual challenges. likes to attend to details and thing things through.
time-oriented style
emphasizes efficiency. prefers conversations that are quick and to-the-point.
50% of time
time spent listening
Myth
hearing is the same as listening
Myth
listening is natural and effortless
Myth
all listeners hear the same message
HURIER model acronym
Hearing
Understanding
Remembering
Interpreting
Evaluating
Responding
stonewalling
responding with silence and lack of facial expression; signals a lack of interest in what the speaker is saying
backchanneling
nodding your head or using facial expressions, vocalizations such as "uh-huh" and verbal statements such as "I understand"; lets the speaker know you're paying attention
paraphrasing
restating in your own words what the speaker has said, to show that you understnad
empathizing
conveying to the speaker that you understand and share his or her feelings on the topic
supporting
expressing your agreement with the speaker's opinion or point of view
analyzing
providing your own perspective on what the speaker has said
advising
communicating advice to the speaker about what he or she should think, feel, do.
informational listening
listening to learn something; watch news, listen to driving directions, professor's lecture
critical listening
listening with the goal of evaluating or analyzing what one hears; listen carefully to a commercial to determine to buy or not, political speech, medical results.
empathic listening
listening in order to experience what another person is thinking or feeling; listen to someone who just lost their job, went through a divorce.
requires: perspective talking & empathic concern
noise
anything that distracts you from listening to what you wish to listen
pseudolistening
using feedback behaviors to give the false impression that one is listening
selective listening
listening only to what one wants to hear
information overload
the state of being overwhelmed by the amount of information one takes in
glazing over
daydreaming during the time not spent listening
rebuttal tendency
the tendency to debate a speaker's point and formulate a reply while the person is still speaking
closed-mindedness
the tendency not to listen to anything with which one disagrees
competitive interrupting
using interruptions to take control of a conversation
confirmation bias
the tendency to pay attention only to information that supports one's values and beliefs while discounting or ignoring information that doesn't
vividness effect
the tendency for dramatic, shocking events to distort one's perception of reality
skepticism
the practice of evaluating the evidence for a claim
better empathic listener
listen nonjudgementally
acknowledge feelings
communicate support nonverbally