Culture
An established, coherent set of beliefs, attitudes, values, and practices shared by a large group of people.
Co-Cultural Communication Theory
The people who have more power within a society determine the dominant culture, because they get to decide the prevailing views, values, and traditions of the society.
Co-Cultures
Cultures that co-exist within a dominant cultural sphere.
Assimilation
Attempting to be accepted into the dominant culture. Alternatively they might get the dominant culture to accommodate their co-cultural identity or seperate themselves from the dominant culture altogether.
Prejudice
When stereotypes reflect rigid attitudes toward groups and their members.
Stereotype Content Model
Prejudice centers on two judgements made about others: how warm and friendly they are and how competent they are. These judgements create two possible kinds of prejudice: benevolent and hostile.
Benevolent prejudice occurs wen people think of a particular
Individualistic Cultures
People end ot value independence and personal achievement. Members of these cultures are encouraged to focus on themselves and their immediate family and individual achievment is praised as the highest good.
Collectivistic Cultures
People emphasize group identity, interpersonal harmony, and the well-being of in-groups.
Uncertainty Avoidance
Cultures vary in how much they tolerate and accept unpredictability
Power Distance
The degree to which people in a particular culture view the unequal distribution of power as acceptable.
High-power-distance cultures - Its considered normal or even desirable for people of different social and professional status to have different levels
High-Context Cultures
People presume that others within the cultre will share their viewpoints and thus percieve situations (contexts) in very much the same way. [i.e. China, Korea, Japan]
Low-Context Cultures
People tend not to presume that others share their beliefs, attitudes, and values. So they strive to be informative, clear, and direct in their communication. Many low-context cultures are also individualistic; as a result, people openly express their vie
Display Rules
Guidelines for when where and how to manage emotion displays appropriately.
Masculine Cultural Values
Includes the accumulation of material wealth as an indicator of success, assertiveness, and personal achievement. People are taught competition is the highest good.
Feminine Cultural Values
Emphasize compassion and cooperation. Emphasis is also placed on caring for the weak and underprivileged and boosting the quality of life for all people.
Mono-chronic Time Orientation
Time is viewed as a precious resource. It can be saved, spent, wasted, lost, or made up, and it can even run out.
Poly-chronic Time Orientation
People with poly-chronic time orientation don't view time as a resource to be spent, saved, or guarded. They don't consider time of day as especially important or relevant to daily activities. Instead they're flexible when it comes to time, and they belie
Intercultural Competence
The ability to communicate appropriately, effectively, and ethically with people from diverse backgrounds. You can strengthen your intercultural competence by applying the following practices; world-mindedness, attribution complexity, and communication ac
World-Mindedness
When you possess world-mindedness you demonstrate acceptance and respect toward other cultures' beliefs, values, and customs. You can practice world-mindedness in three way. First accept others expression of their culture or co-culture as a natural elemen
Ethnocentrism
The belief that one's own cultural beliefs, attitudes, values and practices are superior to others'.
Attributional Complexity
You acknowledge that other people's behaviors have complex causes. To develop this ability observe others' behavior and analyze the various forces influencing it.
Communication Accommodation Theory
People are especially motivated to adapt their communication when they seek approval, when they wish to establish relationships with others, and when they view others' language use as appropriate.