Asynchronous communication
Communication that occurs when there is a time gap between when the a message is sent and when it is received.
Channel
The medium through which a message passes from sender to receiver.
Cognitive complexity
the ability to construct a variety of frameworks for viewing an issue
Communication
The use of messages to generate meanings
Communication Apprehension
Feelings of anxiety that plague some people at the prospect of communicating in an unfamiliar or difficult context.
Communication Competence
The ability to achieve one's goals in a manner that is personally acceptable and, ideally, acceptable to others.
Content Dimension
The dimension of a message that communicates information about the subject being discussed.
Dis-inhibition
Expressing messages without considering the consequences of doing so.
Environment
Both the physical setting in which communication occurs and the personal perspectives of the people involved
Feedback
A discernible response of a senders message
Leanness
A description of messages that carry less information due to a lack of non verbal cues
Noise (external)
Noise outside of the body like a fan or tv
Noise (Physiological)
Hunger, illness or any physical ailment that takes concentration away from communication.
Noise (psychological)
Depression and anxiety.
Relational Dimension (of a message)
The dimension of a message that expresses the social relationship between two or more individuals.
Richness
The quantity of nonverbal cues that accompany spoken messages
Self-monitoring
The process of of attending to ones behavior and using these observations to shape the way one behaves.
Social Media
Mediated communication channels used primarily for personal reasons including text messaging Twitter email instant messaging and social networking services
Synchronous Communication
Communication that occurs in real time
transactional
The dynamic process in which communicators create meaning together through interaction
Achievement Culture
A culture that places a high value on the achievement of material success and a focus on the task at hand. also termed masculine culture
Co-Culture
A group within an encompassing culture with a perceived identity
Collective culture
Culture whose members feel loyalties and an obligation to an in group such as an extended family a community and even a work organization
Culture
The language values beliefs traditions and customs people share and learn
Ethnicity
A persons identification with a social group on the basis of common national or cultural traditions
Ethnocentrism
An attitude that one's own culture is superior to that of others
High-Context culture
A culture that relies heavily on verbal and nonverbal cues to maintain social harmony
Individualistic Culture
A culture in which people view their primary responsibility as helping themselves
In-group
A group in which an individual identifies herself or himself
Intercultural Communication
Communication that occurs when members of two or more cultures or other groups exchange messages in a manner that is influenced by their different cultural perceptions and symbols
Low-context culture
A culture that uses language primarily to express thoughts feelings and ideas as clearly and logically as possible
Nurturing culture
A culture that regards the support of relationships as an especially important goal. Also termed feminine culture
Organizational Culture
A relatively stable shared set of rules about how to behave and set of values about what is important in a given organization
Out-Group
A group that an individual sees us different from herself or himself
Power distance
The degree to which members of a society except the unequal distribution of power among members
Prejudice
And unfairly by Aston intolerant attitude towards others who belong to an outgroup
Race
A social category originally created to explain differences between people whose ancestors originated in different regions of the world
Salience
The significance attached to a particular person or phenomenon
Social Identity
The part of the self concept that is based on membership in groups
Uncertainty Avoidance
The tendency of a cultures members to feel threatened by ambiguous situations and how much they try to avoid them
Benevolent Lie
Ally that is not considered malicious by the person who tells it
Equivocation
The statement that is not false but clearly he avoids an unpleasant truth
Face
The image an individual wants to project to the world
Facework
Actions people take to preserve their own and others' presenting images
Impression Management
The communication strategies people used to influence how others view them
Johari Window
A model that describes the relationship between self disclosure and self-awareness
Perceived Self
The person we believe ourselves to be in moments of candor. It may be identical with or different from the presenting and desired selves
Presenting Self
The image a person presents to others. It may be identical with or different from the perceived and desired selves
Privacy Management
The choices people make to revealer conceal information about themselves
Reference Groups
Groups against which we compare ourselves thereby influencing our self-concept and self-esteem
Reflected appraisal
The theory that a person self-concept matches the way the person believes others regard him or her
Self-concept
The relatively stable set of perceptions each individual holds for herself or himself
Self Disclosure
The process of deliberately revealing information about oneself that a significant and that would not normally be known by others
Self esteem
The part of the self concept that involves a valuations of self-worth
Self-fulfilling Prophecy
The casual relationship that occurs when a person's expectations of an event and her or his subsequent behavior based on those expectations make the outcome more likely to occur than would otherwise have been true
Significant Other
A person whose opinion is important enough to affect one's self concept strongly
Social Comparison
Evaluating oneself in terms of or by comparison to others
Social Penetration Model
A model that describes relationships in terms of their breadth and depth
Androgynous
Possessing both masculine and feminine traits
Attribution
The process of attaching meaning to another person's behavior
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to seek out and organized thought of that supports already existing opinions
Empathy
The ability to project oneself into other persons point of view in an attempt to experience the others thoughts and feelings
First-Order Realities
The physically observable qualities of a thing or situation
Fundamental attribution error
The tendency to give more weight to personal qualities than to the situation when making attributions
Gender
Psychological sex type
Halo Effect
The tendency to form an overall positive impression of the person on the basis of one positive characteristic
Horns Effect
The tendency to form an overall negative impression of a person on the basis of one negative characteristic
Interpretation
The process of attaching meaning to sense data
Narratives
The stories we used to describe her personal world
Negotiation
The stories we used to describe her personal worlds
Organization
The stage in the perception process that involves arranging data in a meaningful way
Perception Checking
Hey three-part method for verifying the accuracy of interpretations including a description of the sense data, two possible interpretations and a request for confirmation of the interpretations
Primacy Effect
The tendency to pay more attention to and to better recall things that happen first in a sequence
Punctuation
The process of determining the casual order of events
Second-Order realities
Perceptions that arise from attaching meaning to first order things or situations
Selection
A phase of the perception process in which a communicator attends to a stimulus from an environment. Also a way communicators manage dialectical tensions by responding to one end of the dialectical spectrum and ignoring the other
Self-Serving Bias
The tendency to judge oneself in the most generous terms possible while being more critical of others
Standpoint theory
A body of scholarship that explores how one's position in a society shapes ones view of society in general and specific individuals
Stereotyping
Exaggerated believes associated with a categorizing system
Abstraction Ladder
A range of more abstract to less abstract term describing an event or object
Ambiguous language
Language consisting of words and phrases I have more than one commonly accepted definition
assertiveness
Clearly and directly expressing one's thoughts feelings and wants to another person
But" statements
A statement in which the second half canceled the meeting of the first, for example "I'd like to help you but I have to go or I'll miss my bus
Convergence
The process of adopting one speech style to match that of others with whom one wants to identify
Divergence
Speaking in a way that emphasizes difference from others
Euphemism
A pleasant term substituted for a blunt one to soften the impact of unpleasant information
Evaluative Language
Language that conveys the senders attitude rather than simply offering an objective description
I" Language
Language that uses first person singular pronouns to identify the source of the message and to take responsibility
It" statement
A statement in which "it" replaces that personal pronoun "I" making the statement less direct and more evasive
Linguistic Relativity
The notion that the language individuals use exerts a strong influence on their perceptions
Phonological rules
Rules governing the way in which sounds are pronounced in a language
Politeness
Communicating in ways that save face for both senders and receivers
Powerful Language
Direct and forceful word choices with declarations and assertions
Powerless Language
Forms of speech that communicate to others a lack of power in the speaker: hedges, hesitations, intensifiers and so on
Pragmatic Rules
Rules that govern interpretation of language in terms of its social context
Racist Language
Language that classifies members of one racial group as superior and others as inferior
Relative Language
Words that gain their meaning by comparison
Spair-Whorf Hypothesis
The best-known declaration of linguistic relativity is them based on the work of Benjamin Whorf and Edward Sapir
semantic Rules
Rules that govern the meaning of language as opposed to a structure
Sexist Language
Words phrases and expressions that unnecessarily differentiate between females and males are exclude trivialize or diminish Either sex
Static Evaluation
Treating people or objects as if they were unchanging
Syntactic Rules
Rules that govern the ways symbols can be arranged as opposed to the meanings of those symbols
We" Language
The use of first person plural pronouns to include others either appropriately or inappropriately. Language implying that the issue being discussed is the concern and responsibility of the speaker and the receiver of the message
You" Language
A statement that expresses or implies a judgment of the other person