The body's water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following ions?
SODIUM IONS
The term hypotonic hydration refers to
A CONDITION THAT MAY RESULT FROM RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
Hypoproteinenemia is a condition of unusually low levels of plasma proteins. This problem is often characterized by
TISSUE EDEMA
Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid
ALDOSTERONE
Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart, the influence of this hormone is
REDUCE BLOOD PRESSURE AND BLOOD VOLUME BY INHIBITING SODIUM AND WATER RETENTION
Respiratory acidosis can occur when
A PERSON'S BREATHING IS SHALLOW DUE TO OBSTRUCTION
Which of the following two organs function as the most important physiological buffer systems
KIDNEYS AND LUNGS
Which of the choices is not an essential role of salts in the body?
ANABOLISM OF PROTEINS
Which of the choices below exerts primary control over sodium levels in the body?
ALDOSTERONE
The fluid link between the external and internal environment
PLASMA
Newborn infants have a relatively higher___content in their ECF than adults do
SODIUM
Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most ___ is found in the intracellular fluid
POTASSIUM
Which of the following describes the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids
POTASSIUM MAINLY IN THE CELLS, SODIUM IN THE BODY FLUIDS
Problems with fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance are particularly common in infants because their
INEFFICIENT KIDNEYS
The single most important factor in influencing potassium ion secretion is
POTASSIUM ION CONCENTRATION IN BLOOD PLASMA
The term alkaline reserve is used to describe the___buffer system
BICARBONATE
A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia
RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
The movement of fluids between cell compartments
IS REGULATED BY OSMOTIC AND HYDROSTATIC FORCES
What hormone reduces bp and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium/water retention
ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE
Which of the following is not a method for regulating the hydrogen ion concentration in blood
DIET
Which of the following is not a chemical buffer system
NUCLEIC ACID
Extracellular fluid in the human body is composed of all of the following except
GLUCOSE
Which of the following statement is true reguarding fluid shifts?
ELECTROLYTES HAVE GREATER OSMOTIC POWER THAN NONELECTROLYTES
Which of the following hormones is important in stimulating water conservation in the kidneys
antidiuretic hormone
The maintenance of the proper pH of the body fluids may be the result of
THE CONTROL OF RESPIRATORY VENTILATION
Which of the following is not a disorder of water imbalance
EXCESSIVE HYDRATION DUE TO EXCESS ADH SECRETION
The regulation of sodium___
IS LINKED TO BP
Select the correct statement about renal mechanisms of acid-base balance
KIDNEY TUBULE CELLS
Blood analysis indicates a low pH and the patient is breathing rapidly
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
A patient is breathing slowly
and blood pH is high
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
One of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is
A RISE IN PLASMA OSMOLARITY
Annie has just eaten a large order of heavily salted fries, pickled eggs, and cheese. How will consuming this much salt affect her physiology
THERE WILL BE A TEMPORARY INCREASE IN BLOOD VOLUME
The most important force causeing net water flow across capillary walls is
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE OF CAPILLARY BLOOD
Which of the following does not depend on the presence of electrolytes
AMOUNT OF BODY FAT
The regulation of potassium balance___
INVOLVES ALDOSTERONE
Sodium ions are highest in
BLOOD PLASMA
Potassium ions are highest in
INTRACELLULAR FLUID
Phosphate ions are highest in
INTRACELLULAR FLUID
Bicarbonate ions are highest in
INTERSTITIAL FLUID
Proteins are highest in
INTRACELLULAR FLUID
Dissociate in water:
ELECTROLYTES
Do not dissociate:
NONELECTROLYTES
The fluid compartments outside the cell:
EXTRACELLULAR
Fluid compartments within cell
INTRACELLULAR
Spaces between cells
INTERSTITIAL
Magnesium excess
Hypermagnesemia
Calcium depletion
Hypocalcemia
A condtion due to excess water
Hyponatremia
Regulates sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid
Aldosterone
A disorder entailing deficient mineralocorticoid hormone production
Addison's
A condition of unusually low levels of plasma proteins resulting in tissue edema
Hypoproteinemia
An atypical accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space
EDEMA
Sodium excess
Hypernatremia
Potassium excess
Hyperkalemia
Sodium depletion
Hypoatremia